Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 emissions in 1E8 g Higher_Alkanes per year, contributions (below All sources) as percentage All sources Year Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Mean BONA 109 685 217 82 29 443 386 910 428 322 261 318 287 585 342 360 TENA 7 39 53 58 29 59 48 21 28 55 108 69 37 27 75 48 CEAM 60 270 64 122 37 58 126 34 121 90 62 62 80 33 146 91 NHSA 77 211 45 62 56 30 219 85 42 35 91 44 42 28 29 73 SHSA 795 1544 1142 520 506 892 867 1375 1948 1022 2370 810 374 2830 625 1175 EURO 18 27 13 39 23 9 25 11 26 21 29 10 9 10 10 19 MIDE 5 7 7 5 11 7 6 7 6 8 11 4 10 9 8 7 NHAF 1890 1842 1601 1686 1316 1480 1569 1239 1638 1379 1353 1359 1104 1135 1203 1453 SHAF 1813 2337 1845 1758 1733 1608 1993 1944 2105 1850 1776 1950 1836 2048 1864 1897 BOAS 222 1896 499 851 632 1197 2008 95 287 593 256 989 393 502 555 732 CEAS 254 130 76 162 141 191 204 95 102 144 141 173 138 111 41 140 SEAS 276 841 698 233 169 381 284 708 372 349 702 262 459 1032 411 479 EQAS 10005 1374 237 113 601 2462 569 860 924 3206 147 150 823 9 332 1454 AUST 365 329 512 421 545 488 490 433 262 493 361 223 422 138 461 396 Globe 15895 11530 7008 6111 5827 9307 8796 7816 8289 9568 7668 6425 6013 8495 6101 8323 Grassland and open savanna fires BONA 8 7 5 9 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 TENA 26 6 9 10 9 5 5 5 18 11 4 4 12 9 13 8 CEAM 8 4 7 6 15 7 5 10 5 4 8 9 7 9 5 6 NHSA 28 17 62 53 51 55 20 53 55 56 36 53 55 31 71 37 SHSA 22 30 28 30 35 22 17 12 10 9 11 13 15 10 14 16 EURO 10 9 19 8 6 5 6 4 2 1 5 4 8 2 5 6 MIDE 26 34 25 28 11 17 23 20 18 18 15 19 23 30 22 21 NHAF 46 53 55 52 57 59 55 62 58 55 59 59 63 59 62 56 SHAF 31 36 36 37 40 43 41 42 39 41 42 40 42 44 47 40 BOAS 9 10 5 5 4 2 4 3 3 3 5 2 4 4 3 5 CEAS 21 26 15 21 15 31 16 29 30 26 25 13 13 24 32 22 SEAS 7 4 6 9 11 11 11 8 7 8 7 12 5 5 11 7 EQAS 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 1 0 AUST 67 77 84 80 77 65 43 84 72 59 77 81 63 81 85 72 Globe 13 25 35 36 37 24 25 29 27 21 29 31 31 24 36 27 Woodland fires BONA 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TENA 18 30 17 23 22 8 16 28 20 16 15 13 21 18 17 17 CEAM 8 7 14 7 19 11 8 16 16 10 8 9 9 18 18 11 NHSA 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 2 0 2 SHSA 6 5 8 4 10 13 6 8 6 8 11 10 9 8 10 8 EURO 27 36 26 29 21 31 32 39 34 25 39 21 39 42 30 31 MIDE 12 8 14 25 9 9 8 16 12 15 22 14 6 12 14 13 NHAF 27 22 19 22 20 15 23 14 18 19 18 17 13 16 12 19 SHAF 42 38 38 36 36 32 34 32 35 32 33 33 32 30 27 34 BOAS 7 2 5 2 2 3 4 9 4 3 9 6 4 3 3 4 CEAS 8 9 10 6 13 10 7 12 12 10 11 14 10 13 12 10 SEAS 7 3 4 5 8 5 6 3 3 4 3 4 2 1 3 3 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUST 8 6 7 6 6 5 6 6 8 6 3 5 10 6 6 6 Globe 9 13 17 19 18 10 14 13 15 11 15 17 14 13 13 14 Deforestation and degradation fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 3 2 3 1 0 2 1 0 1 CEAM 53 57 32 53 19 45 56 28 40 50 50 47 55 29 25 46 NHSA 47 70 22 30 31 23 65 36 24 24 48 27 27 52 19 47 SHSA 51 45 38 44 38 48 59 64 72 70 65 59 57 72 62 60 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 12 11 12 13 10 13 12 10 12 14 11 12 11 14 14 12 SHAF 5 5 5 6 6 5 8 6 7 6 7 8 7 8 7 6 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 3 4 17 5 1 2 4 13 10 5 9 10 13 12 3 7 SEAS 64 70 65 62 48 58 55 68 63 68 72 56 75 78 67 68 EQAS 13 32 33 61 20 20 27 27 34 20 38 55 22 71 15 20 AUST 4 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 8 1 1 3 5 0 3 3 Globe 15 20 19 14 11 16 16 24 29 21 32 17 18 38 17 20 Forest fires (excluding deforestation and degradation) BONA 89 91 92 89 93 98 98 99 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 97 TENA 46 55 65 57 53 83 71 48 45 62 75 76 48 42 62 64 CEAM 22 24 37 26 32 26 21 20 30 25 19 23 15 31 45 27 NHSA 18 11 12 13 14 16 14 9 16 16 13 16 14 13 9 13 SHSA 16 15 20 16 11 14 14 15 11 11 11 14 15 8 11 13 EURO 52 40 25 33 15 34 43 21 56 57 25 11 21 35 26 35 MIDE 3 3 7 11 2 2 4 3 6 10 13 9 2 5 7 6 NHAF 12 11 10 10 9 10 8 10 9 10 9 9 10 9 10 10 SHAF 21 18 20 19 17 18 16 18 18 19 17 17 18 18 18 18 BOAS 71 85 85 90 90 93 89 79 88 90 75 85 86 91 90 88 CEAS 46 33 25 39 8 23 55 9 10 28 19 18 30 21 22 28 SEAS 16 16 20 15 12 13 15 12 12 10 11 12 9 11 11 13 EQAS 3 5 6 8 2 2 3 4 2 2 7 5 4 12 2 3 AUST 20 15 8 12 15 27 49 8 11 33 18 10 21 11 6 19 Globe 10 30 24 27 21 26 37 24 19 19 19 29 23 22 26 23 Agricultural waste burning BONA 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 10 9 9 10 13 4 8 16 16 8 5 6 17 31 8 9 CEAM 10 9 11 9 15 12 11 25 9 11 14 12 14 14 7 11 NHSA 4 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 SHSA 5 6 6 6 7 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 5 1 3 3 EURO 11 15 31 29 59 30 19 36 7 17 31 64 32 21 38 27 MIDE 60 55 54 36 78 72 65 61 64 57 51 57 69 53 58 60 NHAF 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 SHAF 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BOAS 13 2 5 3 4 2 4 9 5 4 11 7 6 3 4 4 CEAS 22 28 32 29 63 35 18 36 39 31 36 44 34 30 31 33 SEAS 7 8 5 9 21 14 13 9 15 9 8 16 9 5 8 9 EQAS 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 AUST 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Globe 2 3 4 4 5 3 3 3 3 2 4 5 4 3 3 3 Peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EQAS 82 61 57 25 76 76 69 68 62 77 52 38 73 11 81 76 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 52 7 2 0 8 20 4 7 7 26 1 1 10 0 4 13 Deforestation + degradation + peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 3 2 3 1 0 2 1 0 1 CEAM 53 57 32 53 19 45 56 28 40 50 50 47 55 29 25 46 NHSA 47 70 22 30 31 23 65 36 24 24 48 27 27 52 19 47 SHSA 51 45 38 44 38 48 59 64 72 70 65 59 57 72 62 60 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 12 11 12 13 10 13 12 10 12 14 11 12 11 14 14 12 SHAF 5 5 5 6 6 5 8 6 7 6 7 8 7 8 7 6 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 3 4 17 5 1 2 4 13 10 5 9 10 13 12 3 7 SEAS 64 70 65 62 48 58 55 68 63 68 72 56 75 78 67 68 EQAS 96 92 90 86 96 96 96 95 97 97 90 92 95 81 96 96 AUST 4 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 8 1 1 3 5 0 3 3 Globe 66 28 21 15 19 36 20 32 36 46 33 18 28 38 22 34