Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 emissions in 1E8 g N2O per year All sources Year Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Mean BONA 98 610 190 75 24 371 323 756 357 269 218 265 238 487 283 304 TENA 8 37 49 55 27 52 43 19 28 53 97 62 35 23 73 44 CEAM 58 255 61 114 37 55 116 32 115 85 58 59 76 31 139 86 NHSA 86 216 63 82 74 40 230 112 56 47 108 58 56 32 43 87 SHSA 860 1777 1295 589 612 1000 920 1407 1953 1023 2438 831 390 2869 651 1241 EURO 17 26 12 35 17 8 23 10 25 18 26 7 9 9 9 17 MIDE 4 7 6 5 7 5 5 5 5 6 9 3 8 8 7 6 NHAF 2534 2561 2230 2320 1863 2094 2205 1777 2323 1926 1923 1941 1591 1616 1720 2042 SHAF 2276 3013 2368 2275 2276 2141 2638 2568 2751 2437 2361 2556 2423 2725 2516 2488 BOAS 196 1726 430 731 535 1003 1712 80 243 498 219 828 335 431 467 629 CEAS 245 128 70 152 109 192 191 98 102 142 137 149 123 113 42 133 SEAS 274 777 683 234 160 371 286 688 350 343 682 259 433 995 422 464 EQAS 4015 721 131 84 266 1084 276 422 481 1397 85 100 378 8 137 639 AUST 534 503 812 653 833 695 601 689 395 674 549 350 603 215 735 589 Globe 11205 12356 8400 7404 6842 9112 9569 8662 9183 8918 8911 7467 6696 9561 7242 8769 Grassland and open savanna fires BONA 15 78 18 13 1 11 7 8 8 6 4 3 2 7 2 12 TENA 3 4 8 10 4 5 4 2 8 10 7 5 8 4 17 7 CEAM 8 19 8 12 9 7 10 6 10 7 8 10 9 5 13 9 NHSA 37 60 48 56 49 28 73 77 39 33 56 39 39 15 35 46 SHSA 305 793 545 266 299 337 258 270 337 161 463 179 95 479 154 329 EURO 3 4 4 6 2 1 3 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 2 MIDE 2 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 1 4 4 3 3 NHAF 1483 1679 1507 1493 1290 1488 1462 1317 1627 1290 1360 1380 1191 1145 1268 1399 SHAF 960 1445 1119 1125 1174 1185 1396 1391 1398 1304 1285 1342 1301 1532 1505 1298 BOAS 36 325 40 66 38 33 120 5 16 28 22 36 27 35 25 57 CEAS 91 58 20 57 37 101 57 47 51 63 60 39 31 46 22 52 SEAS 31 55 76 36 30 69 54 99 44 50 80 53 43 82 79 59 EQAS 45 9 5 5 8 14 5 7 4 10 3 2 5 1 3 8 AUST 419 433 730 572 715 544 356 621 323 495 477 310 455 190 665 487 Globe 3438 4966 4130 3717 3659 3823 3806 3853 3870 3461 3830 3401 3212 3547 3794 3767 Woodland fires BONA 3 19 7 2 1 4 6 9 4 4 3 5 3 7 4 5 TENA 1 13 10 16 7 6 9 7 7 10 19 11 9 6 15 10 CEAM 5 21 10 10 8 7 11 7 24 11 6 6 8 7 31 12 NHSA 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 SHSA 52 83 109 24 62 134 64 122 134 97 295 95 40 265 74 110 EURO 6 11 4 13 6 3 9 5 11 6 13 2 4 5 4 7 MIDE 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 NHAF 603 483 366 444 312 269 417 203 341 310 283 275 163 215 172 324 SHAF 886 1050 820 742 733 607 785 740 859 705 681 766 680 714 583 757 BOAS 17 50 28 21 16 42 90 10 13 19 26 72 18 15 22 31 CEAS 23 14 9 12 22 22 16 14 14 17 18 28 17 17 6 17 SEAS 22 32 31 13 16 21 20 27 15 16 21 13 9 14 12 19 EQAS 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUST 36 23 40 30 37 26 36 32 24 38 13 13 51 10 33 30 Globe 1658 1802 1435 1330 1222 1143 1466 1178 1447 1237 1384 1288 1005 1278 957 1322 Deforestation and degradation fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 CEAM 32 152 20 62 8 26 67 10 46 44 30 28 43 9 36 41 NHSA 34 134 10 18 17 7 129 28 10 8 40 11 10 13 5 32 SHSA 383 672 425 217 193 413 488 829 1298 666 1443 448 202 1915 359 663 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 232 220 202 219 142 197 200 133 210 198 160 169 131 161 170 183 SHAF 111 147 116 120 110 102 174 132 172 125 137 161 154 170 137 138 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 10 5 14 10 2 4 9 14 11 8 15 20 20 16 1 11 SEAS 176 552 448 146 81 216 162 464 231 233 494 149 329 783 277 316 EQAS 1187 388 70 61 105 449 138 210 281 585 50 73 165 6 45 254 AUST 19 5 7 9 16 16 11 7 23 6 5 7 23 1 13 11 Globe 2183 2275 1312 862 673 1431 1378 1827 2282 1876 2375 1069 1079 3075 1043 1649 Forest fires (excluding deforestation and degradation) BONA 79 513 164 60 22 356 310 738 345 259 210 257 232 472 276 286 TENA 3 18 28 27 13 40 28 8 10 28 67 44 15 9 38 25 CEAM 11 52 19 26 10 12 21 6 30 19 10 12 10 8 54 20 NHSA 11 19 4 7 6 4 25 7 5 5 10 6 5 3 2 8 SHSA 102 189 186 68 44 103 98 173 172 89 216 96 46 191 56 122 EURO 8 9 3 11 3 3 9 2 12 10 6 1 2 3 2 5 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 193 161 134 143 100 121 108 105 124 110 103 99 91 82 97 118 SHAF 306 352 302 275 249 237 271 293 310 293 247 277 278 297 283 285 BOAS 130 1330 351 633 469 915 1466 62 207 439 158 689 278 374 409 527 CEAS 96 35 16 52 9 36 93 7 8 33 21 26 34 19 7 33 SEAS 37 109 113 29 17 41 34 70 36 29 63 26 33 90 38 51 EQAS 243 61 12 8 12 46 13 25 19 49 8 7 24 1 6 36 AUST 59 42 34 42 65 108 198 28 24 134 54 19 73 13 22 61 Globe 1278 2889 1367 1381 1019 2023 2675 1524 1302 1497 1174 1557 1120 1563 1292 1577 Agricultural waste burning BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 TENA 0 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 2 CEAM 3 11 3 5 3 3 6 4 5 4 4 3 5 2 4 4 NHSA 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 SHSA 19 39 31 14 15 13 12 12 11 10 22 12 8 18 8 16 EURO 1 2 2 5 6 1 2 2 1 2 4 3 1 1 2 2 MIDE 1 2 2 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 NHAF 23 18 22 21 20 19 18 18 21 18 17 17 15 13 13 18 SHAF 12 18 11 12 9 10 12 11 12 9 11 10 10 11 9 11 BOAS 13 21 12 11 11 13 36 4 7 12 13 31 10 6 11 14 CEAS 25 17 11 21 40 30 17 15 18 20 23 35 21 15 6 21 SEAS 8 29 16 9 16 24 17 29 25 15 25 19 18 25 15 19 EQAS 57 11 3 2 3 10 2 3 3 9 1 1 4 0 2 7 AUST 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 Globe 165 172 116 105 130 128 126 104 108 105 125 135 100 98 76 119 Peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EQAS 2482 251 40 8 138 564 118 176 174 744 23 17 181 0 81 333 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 2482 251 40 8 138 564 118 176 174 744 23 17 181 0 81 333 Deforestation + degradation + peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 CEAM 32 152 20 62 8 26 67 10 46 44 30 28 43 9 36 41 NHSA 34 134 10 18 17 7 129 28 10 8 40 11 10 13 5 32 SHSA 383 672 425 217 193 413 488 829 1298 666 1443 448 202 1915 359 663 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 232 220 202 219 142 197 200 133 210 198 160 169 131 161 170 183 SHAF 111 147 116 120 110 102 174 132 172 125 137 161 154 170 137 138 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 10 5 14 10 2 4 9 14 11 8 15 20 20 16 1 11 SEAS 176 552 448 146 81 216 162 464 231 233 494 149 329 783 277 316 EQAS 3669 640 111 70 243 1013 256 386 455 1329 73 90 345 6 126 587 AUST 19 5 7 9 16 16 11 7 23 6 5 7 23 1 13 11 Globe 4665 2527 1353 870 812 1995 1496 2003 2456 2620 2398 1086 1260 3075 1124 1983