Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 emissions in 1E8 g N2O per year, contributions (below All sources) as percentage All sources Year Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Mean BONA 98 610 190 75 24 371 323 756 357 269 218 265 238 487 283 304 TENA 8 37 49 55 27 52 43 19 28 53 97 62 35 23 73 44 CEAM 58 255 61 114 37 55 116 32 115 85 58 59 76 31 139 86 NHSA 86 216 63 82 74 40 230 112 56 47 108 58 56 32 43 87 SHSA 860 1777 1295 589 612 1000 920 1407 1953 1023 2438 831 390 2869 651 1241 EURO 17 26 12 35 17 8 23 10 25 18 26 7 9 9 9 17 MIDE 4 7 6 5 7 5 5 5 5 6 9 3 8 8 7 6 NHAF 2534 2561 2230 2320 1863 2094 2205 1777 2323 1926 1923 1941 1591 1616 1720 2042 SHAF 2276 3013 2368 2275 2276 2141 2638 2568 2751 2437 2361 2556 2423 2725 2516 2488 BOAS 196 1726 430 731 535 1003 1712 80 243 498 219 828 335 431 467 629 CEAS 245 128 70 152 109 192 191 98 102 142 137 149 123 113 42 133 SEAS 274 777 683 234 160 371 286 688 350 343 682 259 433 995 422 464 EQAS 4015 721 131 84 266 1084 276 422 481 1397 85 100 378 8 137 639 AUST 534 503 812 653 833 695 601 689 395 674 549 350 603 215 735 589 Globe 11205 12356 8400 7404 6842 9112 9569 8662 9183 8918 8911 7467 6696 9561 7242 8769 Grassland and open savanna fires BONA 16 13 10 17 4 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 TENA 41 11 16 17 16 9 9 9 30 19 7 8 22 17 23 15 CEAM 13 8 12 10 25 13 9 19 8 8 14 16 12 16 10 11 NHSA 43 28 76 68 66 70 32 68 70 70 52 68 70 46 82 53 SHSA 35 45 42 45 49 34 28 19 17 16 19 22 24 17 24 27 EURO 18 16 33 16 13 10 11 9 4 3 9 10 14 5 10 12 MIDE 50 62 49 47 28 39 49 41 39 38 30 39 50 55 44 44 NHAF 59 66 68 64 69 71 66 74 70 67 71 71 75 71 74 69 SHAF 42 48 47 49 52 55 53 54 51 54 54 53 54 56 60 52 BOAS 18 19 9 9 7 3 7 6 7 6 10 4 8 8 5 9 CEAS 37 45 29 37 34 52 30 48 50 45 44 26 26 41 52 39 SEAS 11 7 11 15 19 19 19 14 13 14 12 20 10 8 19 13 EQAS 1 1 4 6 3 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 8 2 1 AUST 78 86 90 88 86 78 59 90 82 73 87 88 76 89 91 83 Globe 31 40 49 50 53 42 40 44 42 39 43 46 48 37 52 43 Woodland fires BONA 3 3 4 2 5 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 TENA 19 37 21 28 27 11 21 36 24 20 20 17 25 25 20 22 CEAM 9 8 17 9 22 13 10 21 20 13 11 11 11 22 23 13 NHSA 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 SHSA 6 5 8 4 10 13 7 9 7 10 12 11 10 9 11 9 EURO 33 43 31 39 33 42 41 52 43 34 52 35 51 54 43 41 MIDE 17 10 18 29 17 14 11 22 18 21 31 20 9 15 19 18 NHAF 24 19 16 19 17 13 19 11 15 16 15 14 10 13 10 16 SHAF 39 35 35 33 32 28 30 29 31 29 29 30 28 26 23 30 BOAS 9 3 6 3 3 4 5 12 5 4 12 9 6 4 5 5 CEAS 9 11 13 8 20 12 8 14 14 12 13 19 13 15 14 12 SEAS 8 4 4 6 10 6 7 4 4 5 3 5 2 1 3 4 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 AUST 7 5 5 5 4 4 6 5 6 6 2 4 8 5 5 5 Globe 15 15 17 18 18 13 15 14 16 14 16 17 15 13 13 15 Deforestation and degradation fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 4 2 4 2 1 3 1 0 1 CEAM 54 60 34 54 20 46 58 31 40 52 52 48 57 29 26 47 NHSA 39 62 15 21 23 17 56 25 18 17 37 20 19 42 12 36 SHSA 45 38 33 37 31 41 53 59 66 65 59 54 52 67 55 53 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 9 9 9 9 8 9 9 7 9 10 8 9 8 10 10 9 SHAF 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 5 6 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 4 4 20 6 2 2 5 14 11 6 11 14 16 14 3 8 SEAS 64 71 66 62 50 58 56 67 66 68 72 57 76 79 66 68 EQAS 30 54 54 73 39 41 50 50 58 42 59 73 44 74 33 40 AUST 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 6 1 1 2 4 0 2 2 Globe 19 18 16 12 10 16 14 21 25 21 27 14 16 32 14 19 Forest fires (excluding deforestation and degradation) BONA 81 84 87 81 90 96 96 98 97 96 97 97 97 97 98 94 TENA 35 48 57 50 47 77 65 43 37 53 69 71 42 41 53 57 CEAM 19 21 32 23 26 22 18 17 26 22 17 20 13 27 39 23 NHSA 13 9 7 8 8 10 11 6 10 10 9 10 8 9 5 9 SHSA 12 11 14 12 7 10 11 12 9 9 9 11 12 7 9 10 EURO 44 34 21 30 17 33 38 20 50 54 24 14 19 31 26 33 MIDE 2 2 6 9 2 3 4 3 6 10 13 9 2 4 7 6 NHAF 8 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 5 6 5 6 6 SHAF 13 12 13 12 11 11 10 11 11 12 10 11 11 11 11 11 BOAS 66 77 82 87 88 91 86 77 85 88 72 83 83 87 88 84 CEAS 39 27 22 35 8 19 48 8 8 23 16 18 28 17 18 25 SEAS 14 14 17 13 10 11 12 10 10 8 9 10 8 9 9 11 EQAS 6 8 9 9 5 4 5 6 4 3 9 7 6 12 4 6 AUST 11 8 4 6 8 16 33 4 6 20 10 5 12 6 3 10 Globe 11 23 16 19 15 22 28 18 14 17 13 21 17 16 18 18 Agricultural waste burning BONA 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 4 4 5 5 6 2 4 8 7 4 2 3 8 16 4 5 CEAM 4 4 5 4 7 5 5 12 4 5 7 6 7 7 3 5 NHSA 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 SHSA 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 EURO 5 7 14 15 37 16 9 18 4 9 16 42 16 10 21 14 MIDE 31 26 27 16 53 45 36 33 37 31 27 31 40 26 31 33 NHAF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SHAF 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 7 1 3 2 2 1 2 5 3 2 6 4 3 1 2 2 CEAS 10 13 16 14 36 16 9 16 17 14 17 23 17 13 13 16 SEAS 3 4 2 4 10 7 6 4 7 4 4 7 4 3 3 4 EQAS 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EQAS 62 35 31 10 52 52 43 42 36 53 27 17 48 4 59 52 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 22 2 0 0 2 6 1 2 2 8 0 0 3 0 1 4 Deforestation + degradation + peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 4 2 4 2 1 3 1 0 1 CEAM 54 60 34 54 20 46 58 31 40 52 52 48 57 29 26 47 NHSA 39 62 15 21 23 17 56 25 18 17 37 20 19 42 12 36 SHSA 45 38 33 37 31 41 53 59 66 65 59 54 52 67 55 53 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 9 9 9 9 8 9 9 7 9 10 8 9 8 10 10 9 SHAF 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 5 6 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 4 4 20 6 2 2 5 14 11 6 11 14 16 14 3 8 SEAS 64 71 66 62 50 58 56 67 66 68 72 57 76 79 66 68 EQAS 91 89 85 83 91 93 93 91 95 95 86 90 91 78 92 92 AUST 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 6 1 1 2 4 0 2 2 Globe 42 20 16 12 12 22 16 23 27 29 27 15 19 32 16 23