Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 emissions in 1E9 g NH3 per year, contributions (below All sources) as percentage All sources Year Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Mean BONA 65 379 121 48 20 246 212 492 237 176 144 176 160 318 195 199 TENA 10 50 71 81 49 54 57 40 52 67 102 73 72 84 90 63 CEAM 80 340 91 156 67 86 182 92 155 127 106 95 136 57 160 129 NHSA 65 125 34 42 41 24 133 55 31 26 57 32 31 19 20 49 SHSA 770 1562 1196 533 555 715 667 933 1196 711 1610 642 338 1771 464 911 EURO 26 49 39 117 128 28 53 40 30 41 92 59 30 22 39 53 MIDE 28 37 35 19 77 48 38 37 36 41 52 22 64 43 42 41 NHAF 1480 1374 1305 1332 1114 1195 1215 1051 1321 1105 1085 1085 919 881 934 1160 SHAF 1221 1633 1229 1207 1138 1077 1329 1288 1393 1207 1194 1270 1209 1351 1220 1264 BOAS 366 1432 490 672 558 899 1760 126 285 544 386 1120 405 379 501 661 CEAS 614 384 249 481 823 665 422 338 389 454 508 743 468 339 128 467 SEAS 296 965 656 292 391 653 463 900 659 455 820 493 576 986 486 606 EQAS 2868 571 119 74 169 682 169 263 281 804 68 71 251 6 90 432 AUST 215 200 322 262 329 283 280 273 164 303 216 137 252 96 294 242 Globe 8102 9102 5957 5316 5459 6656 6980 5928 6228 6061 6440 6017 4910 6353 4662 6278 Grassland and open savanna fires BONA 8 7 5 9 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 TENA 11 3 4 4 3 3 2 1 6 5 2 2 4 2 7 4 CEAM 3 2 3 3 5 3 2 2 2 2 3 4 2 3 3 3 NHSA 20 17 50 46 42 41 19 49 45 45 34 43 44 28 64 33 SHSA 14 18 16 18 19 17 14 10 10 8 10 10 10 9 12 13 EURO 4 3 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 MIDE 3 4 3 5 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 NHAF 35 43 40 39 41 44 42 44 43 41 44 45 45 46 48 42 SHAF 28 31 32 33 36 39 37 38 35 38 38 37 38 40 43 36 BOAS 3 8 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 CEAS 5 5 3 4 2 5 5 5 5 5 4 2 2 5 6 4 SEAS 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 3 3 6 3 EQAS 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 4 1 1 AUST 68 76 79 76 76 67 45 80 69 57 77 79 63 69 79 71 Globe 15 19 24 25 23 20 19 23 22 20 21 20 23 20 29 21 Woodland fires BONA 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TENA 7 12 7 8 7 5 7 8 6 7 8 6 5 3 7 7 CEAM 3 3 5 3 6 4 3 3 7 4 3 3 3 5 9 4 NHSA 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 1 SHSA 3 2 4 2 5 8 4 6 5 6 8 7 5 7 7 5 EURO 10 10 4 5 2 5 8 6 15 7 6 2 6 10 4 6 MIDE 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 NHAF 18 16 12 15 12 10 15 9 11 12 12 11 8 11 8 12 SHAF 32 28 30 27 29 25 26 25 27 26 25 27 25 23 21 27 BOAS 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 CEAS 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 SEAS 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUST 7 5 6 5 5 4 6 5 7 6 3 4 9 5 5 5 Globe 9 9 11 11 10 8 9 9 10 9 10 9 9 9 9 9 Deforestation and degradation fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 CEAM 20 22 11 20 5 15 19 5 15 18 14 15 16 8 11 16 NHSA 27 57 15 22 21 14 51 27 16 15 37 18 17 37 14 34 SHSA 26 22 18 21 17 29 38 46 57 49 46 36 31 56 40 38 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 6 8 9 7 7 7 9 9 8 SHAF 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 5 6 5 5 6 6 6 5 5 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 1 1 3 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 SEAS 29 30 34 25 10 17 17 26 18 26 30 15 29 40 28 26 EQAS 22 37 32 44 33 35 44 42 54 39 39 55 35 55 27 32 AUST 4 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 7 1 1 2 4 0 2 2 Globe 14 13 11 8 6 11 10 16 19 16 19 9 11 25 11 13 Forest fires (excluding deforestation and degradation) BONA 81 89 89 82 71 95 96 99 96 97 96 96 95 98 93 94 TENA 18 23 26 22 17 49 32 14 13 27 43 39 13 7 28 26 CEAM 9 10 14 11 9 9 8 4 13 10 6 8 5 10 22 10 NHSA 11 10 9 10 10 11 12 8 12 12 11 11 10 10 7 11 SHSA 9 8 10 8 5 9 10 12 9 8 9 10 9 7 8 9 EURO 19 12 4 6 1 6 11 3 26 16 4 1 4 8 4 7 MIDE 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 NHAF 9 8 7 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 7 7 SHAF 16 14 16 15 14 14 13 15 15 16 14 14 15 14 15 15 BOAS 23 61 47 62 55 67 55 32 48 53 27 40 45 65 54 52 CEAS 10 6 4 7 1 4 14 1 1 5 3 2 5 4 4 5 SEAS 8 7 11 7 3 4 5 5 4 4 5 3 4 6 5 6 EQAS 6 7 6 7 5 4 5 6 4 4 8 6 6 11 4 5 AUST 18 14 7 11 13 25 47 7 10 29 17 9 19 9 5 17 Globe 10 21 15 17 12 20 25 17 14 16 12 17 15 16 18 17 Agricultural waste burning BONA 9 2 3 8 25 3 1 0 2 1 2 2 3 1 6 2 TENA 64 62 63 65 72 43 58 77 76 59 46 52 77 88 58 63 CEAM 65 63 67 64 75 69 69 85 63 67 74 70 74 74 55 67 NHSA 39 16 26 20 27 32 17 16 25 27 16 26 27 23 15 22 SHSA 49 50 52 51 54 36 35 26 19 29 27 37 46 21 33 36 EURO 67 75 88 87 96 88 80 90 57 77 88 97 89 82 91 86 MIDE 96 95 95 90 98 98 97 96 97 95 94 96 97 95 96 96 NHAF 31 26 33 31 35 32 29 35 32 32 31 31 33 29 29 31 SHAF 20 22 18 21 17 18 18 17 17 16 18 16 17 17 15 18 BOAS 71 30 48 33 41 30 41 63 48 44 68 56 50 30 43 43 CEAS 82 87 89 87 96 89 78 90 91 88 90 93 89 87 88 89 SEAS 55 60 48 63 82 74 72 64 76 65 60 77 64 50 60 63 EQAS 40 40 48 42 30 29 24 26 18 22 39 28 31 28 34 34 AUST 2 4 7 6 4 1 1 7 8 7 2 5 4 17 9 5 Globe 40 38 39 39 47 38 36 35 34 34 39 45 41 31 32 38 Peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EQAS 32 16 12 4 30 30 26 25 23 34 12 9 27 2 33 28 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 11 1 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 5 0 0 1 0 1 2 Deforestation + degradation + peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 CEAM 20 22 11 20 5 15 19 5 15 18 14 15 16 8 11 16 NHSA 27 57 15 22 21 14 51 27 16 15 37 18 17 37 14 34 SHSA 26 22 18 21 17 29 38 46 57 49 46 36 31 56 40 38 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 6 8 9 7 7 7 9 9 8 SHAF 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 5 6 5 5 6 6 6 5 5 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 1 1 3 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 SEAS 29 30 34 25 10 17 17 26 18 26 30 15 29 40 28 26 EQAS 54 53 44 49 63 66 70 67 77 73 52 64 62 57 60 60 AUST 4 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 7 1 1 2 4 0 2 2 Globe 25 14 11 8 7 14 10 17 20 20 19 9 12 25 12 15