Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 emissions in 1E9 g NOx per year All sources Year Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Mean BONA 123 772 242 94 31 483 420 986 465 350 284 346 311 635 370 394 TENA 9 45 62 68 34 67 54 24 34 65 122 78 44 31 89 55 CEAM 69 302 73 136 45 66 140 40 137 102 70 71 91 38 167 103 NHSA 96 241 66 88 79 43 256 119 60 50 118 62 60 35 45 94 SHSA 967 1972 1451 657 671 1106 1028 1582 2188 1151 2725 937 441 3199 727 1387 EURO 21 32 15 45 26 10 29 13 30 24 34 11 11 11 12 22 MIDE 6 9 8 7 12 8 8 8 7 9 13 5 12 11 9 9 NHAF 2700 2704 2358 2456 1965 2207 2321 1872 2446 2034 2024 2040 1673 1698 1808 2154 SHAF 2464 3242 2552 2447 2436 2287 2817 2747 2948 2610 2520 2735 2593 2909 2681 2666 BOAS 254 2174 557 945 698 1309 2222 105 317 652 287 1088 436 556 610 814 CEAS 310 162 91 197 166 245 244 122 130 180 177 205 163 141 53 172 SEAS 316 914 788 270 196 440 336 799 419 397 789 308 505 1141 482 540 EQAS 4639 837 152 97 304 1243 316 484 549 1596 99 115 435 9 157 735 AUST 560 522 835 675 865 737 670 707 410 725 572 361 636 222 753 617 Globe 12536 13929 9252 8184 7528 10251 10861 9609 10141 9945 9833 8361 7410 10637 7963 9763 Grassland and open savanna fires BONA 16 79 18 13 1 11 7 8 8 6 4 3 2 7 2 12 TENA 3 4 8 10 5 5 4 2 8 10 7 5 8 4 17 7 CEAM 8 19 8 12 9 7 10 6 10 7 8 10 9 5 14 9 NHSA 38 60 48 56 49 28 74 77 40 34 57 40 40 15 36 46 SHSA 308 800 550 269 302 340 260 273 340 162 468 181 96 484 156 333 EURO 3 4 4 6 2 1 3 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 2 MIDE 2 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 1 4 4 3 3 NHAF 1497 1695 1521 1507 1302 1502 1476 1330 1643 1303 1373 1394 1202 1156 1280 1412 SHAF 969 1459 1129 1136 1186 1197 1409 1404 1411 1317 1297 1355 1314 1547 1519 1310 BOAS 36 328 40 67 39 33 121 5 16 28 22 37 28 36 26 57 CEAS 92 58 20 57 37 102 57 48 52 64 61 39 32 47 22 53 SEAS 32 55 77 37 31 69 54 100 44 50 81 53 43 83 80 59 EQAS 45 9 5 5 8 14 5 7 4 10 3 2 5 1 3 8 AUST 423 437 737 577 722 549 359 627 326 500 481 313 460 192 672 492 Globe 3471 5013 4169 3753 3694 3859 3842 3890 3907 3494 3866 3433 3243 3581 3830 3803 Woodland fires BONA 3 20 8 2 1 5 6 9 5 5 4 5 4 7 4 6 TENA 2 14 11 17 8 6 10 7 7 11 21 11 9 6 16 10 CEAM 6 22 11 11 9 8 12 7 25 11 7 7 9 7 33 12 NHSA 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 SHSA 55 89 116 26 66 143 69 131 144 104 315 102 43 283 79 118 EURO 6 12 4 14 6 4 10 6 11 7 14 3 5 5 4 7 MIDE 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 NHAF 644 516 391 474 333 287 445 217 365 331 303 293 174 230 184 346 SHAF 947 1122 876 793 783 648 839 791 917 753 727 818 726 763 622 808 BOAS 18 53 29 22 17 45 96 10 14 21 28 77 20 17 23 33 CEAS 24 15 10 13 23 24 17 15 15 18 19 30 18 18 6 18 SEAS 23 34 33 14 17 22 21 28 16 18 23 13 9 15 13 20 EQAS 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUST 39 25 43 32 39 28 38 34 26 40 14 14 55 11 35 32 Globe 1771 1925 1533 1421 1306 1221 1566 1258 1546 1321 1479 1376 1073 1365 1022 1412 Deforestation and degradation fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 CEAM 35 167 23 69 8 28 75 11 52 49 33 31 48 10 40 45 NHSA 38 151 11 20 19 8 145 31 11 9 45 13 12 15 6 35 SHSA 427 745 470 242 212 457 544 923 1452 744 1610 501 225 2139 402 739 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 254 240 221 240 154 216 217 144 228 216 175 184 142 175 186 200 SHAF 119 158 124 129 119 110 187 143 185 134 147 176 165 184 147 148 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 10 6 15 11 2 4 10 15 12 9 16 22 22 17 1 11 SEAS 194 616 494 160 89 239 177 514 255 258 546 164 366 868 305 350 EQAS 1338 438 79 69 118 507 156 236 317 660 57 82 186 6 51 287 AUST 20 5 7 9 17 18 12 8 25 7 6 8 25 1 14 12 Globe 2435 2525 1446 949 738 1587 1522 2026 2538 2087 2636 1181 1192 3416 1152 1829 Forest fires (excluding deforestation and degradation) BONA 104 672 215 79 29 467 407 969 452 339 276 337 304 620 363 375 TENA 3 23 37 36 17 53 37 11 13 37 87 57 19 12 50 33 CEAM 14 69 25 34 12 16 28 7 40 24 13 15 13 11 70 26 NHSA 15 25 6 9 8 5 32 9 7 6 13 7 6 4 3 10 SHSA 133 248 244 89 58 135 129 227 226 117 283 125 60 251 73 160 EURO 10 12 3 14 4 3 11 3 16 13 8 1 2 4 3 7 MIDE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 NHAF 253 212 176 187 132 159 142 138 162 145 134 130 119 107 128 155 SHAF 402 462 397 361 327 310 355 384 407 385 324 363 365 390 371 373 BOAS 170 1744 460 830 616 1201 1923 81 271 576 207 903 365 491 537 692 CEAS 126 46 21 69 12 47 122 10 11 44 28 35 44 25 10 43 SEAS 49 143 148 39 22 54 45 91 47 38 83 34 44 118 50 67 EQAS 319 80 15 10 16 61 17 33 25 64 10 9 31 1 7 47 AUST 78 55 45 55 85 142 260 36 31 175 71 25 95 17 29 80 Globe 1676 3789 1792 1812 1337 2653 3509 1998 1708 1963 1539 2042 1468 2050 1694 2069 Agricultural waste burning BONA 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 TENA 1 4 5 6 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 4 6 9 6 5 CEAM 6 25 7 11 6 7 14 9 11 10 9 8 12 5 10 10 NHSA 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 SHSA 43 90 71 31 34 30 27 28 26 24 49 28 18 42 18 37 EURO 2 4 4 12 14 3 5 4 2 4 9 7 3 2 4 5 MIDE 3 4 4 2 9 5 4 4 4 4 6 2 7 5 5 5 NHAF 52 41 49 47 45 44 41 42 48 40 39 38 35 29 31 41 SHAF 28 42 26 29 22 22 27 25 28 22 25 23 23 26 21 26 BOAS 30 49 27 26 26 31 82 9 16 27 30 72 23 13 25 32 CEAS 58 38 25 48 91 68 38 35 41 46 53 79 48 34 13 48 SEAS 19 66 37 21 37 56 38 66 57 34 57 44 42 57 34 44 EQAS 131 26 7 4 6 23 5 8 6 21 3 2 9 0 4 17 AUST 1 1 3 2 1 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 Globe 377 393 266 240 297 293 288 237 246 239 287 309 230 224 174 273 Peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EQAS 2805 284 46 9 156 638 133 199 197 840 26 19 204 0 92 377 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 2805 284 46 9 156 638 133 199 197 840 26 19 204 0 92 377 Deforestation + degradation + peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 CEAM 35 167 23 69 8 28 75 11 52 49 33 31 48 10 40 45 NHSA 38 151 11 20 19 8 145 31 11 9 45 13 12 15 6 35 SHSA 427 745 470 242 212 457 544 923 1452 744 1610 501 225 2139 402 739 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 254 240 221 240 154 216 217 144 228 216 175 184 142 175 186 200 SHAF 119 158 124 129 119 110 187 143 185 134 147 176 165 184 147 148 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 10 6 15 11 2 4 10 15 12 9 16 22 22 17 1 11 SEAS 194 616 494 160 89 239 177 514 255 258 546 164 366 868 305 350 EQAS 4143 722 125 79 275 1144 289 435 514 1500 83 101 390 7 143 663 AUST 20 5 7 9 17 18 12 8 25 7 6 8 25 1 14 12 Globe 5240 2809 1491 958 894 2225 1655 2225 2734 2928 2662 1200 1396 3416 1243 2205