Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 emissions in 1E9 g NOx per year, contributions (below All sources) as percentage All sources Year Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Mean BONA 123 772 242 94 31 483 420 986 465 350 284 346 311 635 370 394 TENA 9 45 62 68 34 67 54 24 34 65 122 78 44 31 89 55 CEAM 69 302 73 136 45 66 140 40 137 102 70 71 91 38 167 103 NHSA 96 241 66 88 79 43 256 119 60 50 118 62 60 35 45 94 SHSA 967 1972 1451 657 671 1106 1028 1582 2188 1151 2725 937 441 3199 727 1387 EURO 21 32 15 45 26 10 29 13 30 24 34 11 11 11 12 22 MIDE 6 9 8 7 12 8 8 8 7 9 13 5 12 11 9 9 NHAF 2700 2704 2358 2456 1965 2207 2321 1872 2446 2034 2024 2040 1673 1698 1808 2154 SHAF 2464 3242 2552 2447 2436 2287 2817 2747 2948 2610 2520 2735 2593 2909 2681 2666 BOAS 254 2174 557 945 698 1309 2222 105 317 652 287 1088 436 556 610 814 CEAS 310 162 91 197 166 245 244 122 130 180 177 205 163 141 53 172 SEAS 316 914 788 270 196 440 336 799 419 397 789 308 505 1141 482 540 EQAS 4639 837 152 97 304 1243 316 484 549 1596 99 115 435 9 157 735 AUST 560 522 835 675 865 737 670 707 410 725 572 361 636 222 753 617 Globe 12536 13929 9252 8184 7528 10251 10861 9609 10141 9945 9833 8361 7410 10637 7963 9763 Grassland and open savanna fires BONA 13 10 8 14 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 TENA 35 9 13 14 13 7 7 7 25 16 5 7 18 13 19 12 CEAM 11 6 10 9 21 11 7 15 7 7 12 14 10 13 8 9 NHSA 39 25 73 64 63 66 29 65 66 67 48 64 66 43 80 49 SHSA 32 41 38 41 45 31 25 17 16 14 17 19 22 15 21 24 EURO 15 13 26 12 8 7 9 7 3 2 7 6 11 4 8 9 MIDE 36 46 35 37 17 25 33 29 26 26 21 27 33 41 31 30 NHAF 55 63 65 61 66 68 64 71 67 64 68 68 72 68 71 66 SHAF 39 45 44 46 49 52 50 51 48 50 51 50 51 53 57 49 BOAS 14 15 7 7 6 3 5 4 5 4 8 3 6 6 4 7 CEAS 30 36 22 29 22 41 23 39 40 35 34 19 19 33 43 30 SEAS 10 6 10 14 16 16 16 12 11 13 10 17 9 7 17 11 EQAS 1 1 3 5 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 7 2 1 AUST 75 84 88 85 83 74 54 89 80 69 84 87 72 86 89 80 Globe 28 36 45 46 49 38 35 40 39 35 39 41 44 34 48 39 Woodland fires BONA 2 3 3 2 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TENA 17 32 18 24 23 9 18 30 21 17 17 14 22 19 18 19 CEAM 8 7 15 8 20 12 9 18 18 11 9 10 10 19 20 12 NHSA 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 1 SHSA 6 5 8 4 10 13 7 8 7 9 12 11 10 9 11 8 EURO 29 38 26 32 23 34 35 42 37 28 42 23 42 46 33 34 MIDE 12 8 14 24 11 9 8 16 13 16 23 15 6 12 14 13 NHAF 24 19 17 19 17 13 19 12 15 16 15 14 10 14 10 16 SHAF 38 35 34 32 32 28 30 29 31 29 29 30 28 26 23 30 BOAS 7 2 5 2 2 3 4 10 4 3 10 7 5 3 4 4 CEAS 8 9 11 6 14 10 7 12 11 10 11 15 11 13 12 10 SEAS 7 4 4 5 9 5 6 4 4 4 3 4 2 1 3 4 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 AUST 7 5 5 5 5 4 6 5 6 6 2 4 9 5 5 5 Globe 14 14 17 17 17 12 14 13 15 13 15 16 14 13 13 14 Deforestation and degradation fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 3 2 4 2 0 2 1 0 1 CEAM 51 55 31 50 18 43 53 27 38 48 48 44 53 27 24 44 NHSA 39 63 16 22 24 18 57 26 18 17 38 20 20 43 13 37 SHSA 44 38 32 37 32 41 53 58 66 65 59 53 51 67 55 53 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 9 9 9 10 8 10 9 8 9 11 9 9 9 10 10 9 SHAF 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 5 6 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 3 3 17 5 1 2 4 12 9 5 9 11 13 12 3 7 SEAS 61 67 63 59 45 54 53 64 61 65 69 53 73 76 63 65 EQAS 29 52 52 71 39 41 49 49 58 41 57 72 43 73 32 39 AUST 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 6 1 1 2 4 0 2 2 Globe 19 18 16 12 10 15 14 21 25 21 27 14 16 32 14 19 Forest fires (excluding deforestation and degradation) BONA 84 87 89 84 91 97 97 98 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 95 TENA 39 51 60 53 49 79 67 45 39 57 72 73 44 39 56 60 CEAM 21 23 34 25 28 24 20 18 29 24 18 22 14 29 42 25 NHSA 15 10 9 10 10 12 13 7 12 12 11 12 10 11 6 11 SHSA 14 13 17 14 9 12 13 14 10 10 10 13 14 8 10 12 EURO 47 36 22 30 14 32 40 20 53 55 23 11 20 32 25 33 MIDE 2 2 6 9 2 2 4 3 5 9 12 8 2 4 6 5 NHAF 9 8 7 8 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 7 SHAF 16 14 16 15 13 14 13 14 14 15 13 13 14 13 14 14 BOAS 67 80 83 88 88 92 87 77 86 88 72 83 84 88 88 85 CEAS 41 28 23 35 7 19 50 8 8 24 16 17 27 18 18 25 SEAS 15 16 19 14 11 12 13 11 11 9 10 11 9 10 10 12 EQAS 7 10 10 11 5 5 6 7 5 4 11 7 7 13 5 6 AUST 14 10 5 8 10 19 39 5 8 24 12 7 15 8 4 13 Globe 13 27 19 22 18 26 32 21 17 20 16 24 20 19 21 21 Agricultural waste burning BONA 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 8 8 8 9 12 4 7 15 13 7 4 6 15 27 7 8 CEAM 9 8 10 8 13 10 10 22 8 10 13 11 13 13 6 10 NHSA 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 SHSA 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 4 1 2 3 EURO 9 13 26 26 54 27 17 32 7 15 28 59 28 19 35 24 MIDE 50 44 45 29 71 64 56 52 56 49 44 49 60 43 49 51 NHAF 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 SHAF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BOAS 12 2 5 3 4 2 4 9 5 4 11 7 5 2 4 4 CEAS 19 23 28 24 55 28 16 29 31 25 30 39 29 24 25 28 SEAS 6 7 5 8 19 13 11 8 14 9 7 14 8 5 7 8 EQAS 3 3 4 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Globe 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 3 2 2 3 Peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EQAS 60 34 30 10 51 51 42 41 36 53 26 17 47 4 58 51 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 22 2 0 0 2 6 1 2 2 8 0 0 3 0 1 4 Deforestation + degradation + peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 3 2 4 2 0 2 1 0 1 CEAM 51 55 31 50 18 43 53 27 38 48 48 44 53 27 24 44 NHSA 39 63 16 22 24 18 57 26 18 17 38 20 20 43 13 37 SHSA 44 38 32 37 32 41 53 58 66 65 59 53 51 67 55 53 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 9 9 9 10 8 10 9 8 9 11 9 9 9 10 10 9 SHAF 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 5 6 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 3 3 17 5 1 2 4 12 9 5 9 11 13 12 3 7 SEAS 61 67 63 59 45 54 53 64 61 65 69 53 73 76 63 65 EQAS 89 86 82 81 90 92 91 90 94 94 83 89 90 77 91 90 AUST 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 6 1 1 2 4 0 2 2 Globe 42 20 16 12 12 22 15 23 27 29 27 14 19 32 16 23