Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 emissions in 1E9 g SO2 per year All sources Year Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Mean BONA 34 216 68 26 9 140 122 288 135 102 83 101 91 185 108 114 TENA 2 12 16 17 9 18 15 6 8 17 33 21 11 7 23 14 CEAM 18 81 19 37 11 17 38 10 37 27 18 18 23 10 44 27 NHSA 24 66 14 19 17 9 68 26 13 11 28 13 13 8 9 22 SHSA 241 466 345 157 152 273 266 425 605 316 733 249 114 878 192 361 EURO 5 8 3 11 5 2 7 3 8 6 8 2 3 3 3 5 MIDE 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 NHAF 573 558 483 510 396 447 474 372 494 417 408 410 332 343 363 439 SHAF 555 714 565 537 530 491 609 594 644 566 542 596 561 625 569 580 BOAS 66 590 154 265 196 374 623 29 89 184 77 303 121 157 172 227 CEAS 72 35 20 44 32 50 59 25 26 39 37 44 37 30 11 37 SEAS 84 255 213 70 48 112 83 212 109 105 212 76 138 315 124 144 EQAS 1423 256 46 29 93 383 97 148 170 494 30 35 134 3 48 226 AUST 111 100 155 127 165 149 151 131 80 151 110 68 129 42 139 120 Globe 3209 3358 2103 1851 1665 2468 2615 2270 2418 2434 2321 1937 1707 2607 1807 2318 Grassland and open savanna fires BONA 3 14 3 2 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 TENA 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 CEAM 1 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 NHSA 7 10 8 10 9 5 13 13 7 6 10 7 7 3 6 8 SHSA 54 140 96 47 53 59 45 48 59 28 82 32 17 84 27 58 EURO 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 NHAF 261 296 266 263 227 262 258 232 287 227 240 243 210 202 223 246 SHAF 169 255 197 198 207 209 246 245 246 230 226 237 229 270 265 229 BOAS 6 57 7 12 7 6 21 1 3 5 4 6 5 6 4 10 CEAS 16 10 4 10 6 18 10 8 9 11 11 7 6 8 4 9 SEAS 6 10 13 6 5 12 9 17 8 9 14 9 8 14 14 10 EQAS 8 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 AUST 74 76 129 101 126 96 63 109 57 87 84 55 80 34 117 86 Globe 606 875 728 655 645 674 671 679 682 610 675 599 566 625 669 664 Woodland fires BONA 1 5 2 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 TENA 0 4 3 4 2 1 2 2 2 3 5 3 2 1 4 3 CEAM 1 5 3 3 2 2 3 2 6 3 2 2 2 2 8 3 NHSA 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 14 22 29 6 16 35 17 32 35 26 78 25 11 70 20 29 EURO 2 3 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 159 127 96 117 82 71 110 54 90 82 75 72 43 57 45 85 SHAF 233 277 216 196 193 160 207 195 226 186 179 202 179 188 153 199 BOAS 5 13 7 5 4 11 24 3 3 5 7 19 5 4 6 8 CEAS 6 4 2 3 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 7 4 4 2 4 SEAS 6 8 8 3 4 5 5 7 4 4 6 3 2 4 3 5 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUST 10 6 11 8 10 7 9 8 6 10 3 4 13 3 9 8 Globe 437 475 378 350 322 301 386 310 381 326 365 339 265 337 252 348 Deforestation and degradation fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 10 48 6 20 2 8 22 3 15 14 10 9 14 3 11 13 NHSA 11 47 3 6 5 2 45 10 3 3 14 4 3 4 2 11 SHSA 127 216 136 72 60 133 162 274 439 224 482 151 66 643 121 220 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 69 66 61 67 40 59 58 39 62 58 48 49 38 48 52 54 SHAF 30 40 31 33 30 27 47 37 47 34 37 48 42 49 38 38 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 3 2 4 3 1 1 3 4 3 2 4 5 5 4 0 3 SEAS 55 183 142 45 25 69 49 150 73 75 158 46 108 252 86 101 EQAS 417 137 25 22 37 158 49 73 99 206 18 26 58 2 16 89 AUST 5 1 2 2 4 5 3 2 7 2 1 2 7 0 4 3 Globe 728 739 411 269 205 463 437 591 749 618 771 340 342 1005 330 533 Forest fires (excluding deforestation and degradation) BONA 31 197 63 23 8 137 119 284 133 100 81 99 89 182 106 110 TENA 1 7 11 11 5 16 11 3 4 11 26 17 6 4 15 10 CEAM 4 20 7 10 4 5 8 2 12 7 4 4 4 3 21 8 NHSA 4 7 2 3 2 2 9 3 2 2 4 2 2 1 1 3 SHSA 39 73 71 26 17 40 38 67 66 34 83 37 18 74 21 47 EURO 3 3 1 4 1 1 3 1 5 4 2 0 1 1 1 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 74 62 52 55 39 47 42 41 48 42 39 38 35 31 37 45 SHAF 118 135 116 106 96 91 104 113 119 113 95 106 107 114 109 109 BOAS 50 511 135 243 181 352 564 24 80 169 61 265 107 144 157 203 CEAS 37 13 6 20 3 14 36 3 3 13 8 10 13 7 3 13 SEAS 14 42 43 11 6 16 13 27 14 11 24 10 13 35 15 20 EQAS 94 23 5 3 5 18 5 10 7 19 3 3 9 0 2 14 AUST 23 16 13 16 25 42 76 11 9 51 21 7 28 5 9 23 Globe 492 1111 526 531 392 778 1029 586 501 576 451 599 431 601 497 607 Agricultural waste burning BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CEAM 1 4 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 NHSA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 8 16 12 5 6 5 5 5 5 4 9 5 3 7 3 7 EURO 0 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 MIDE 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 NHAF 9 7 9 8 8 8 7 7 8 7 7 7 6 5 5 7 SHAF 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 BOAS 5 8 5 4 5 5 14 2 3 5 5 13 4 2 4 6 CEAS 10 7 4 8 16 12 7 6 7 8 9 14 8 6 2 8 SEAS 3 12 6 4 6 10 7 12 10 6 10 8 7 10 6 8 EQAS 23 5 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 0 2 0 1 3 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Globe 66 69 46 42 52 51 50 41 43 42 50 54 40 39 30 48 Peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EQAS 881 89 14 3 49 200 42 63 62 264 8 6 64 0 29 118 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 881 89 14 3 49 200 42 63 62 264 8 6 64 0 29 118 Deforestation + degradation + peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 10 48 6 20 2 8 22 3 15 14 10 9 14 3 11 13 NHSA 11 47 3 6 5 2 45 10 3 3 14 4 3 4 2 11 SHSA 127 216 136 72 60 133 162 274 439 224 482 151 66 643 121 220 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 69 66 61 67 40 59 58 39 62 58 48 49 38 48 52 54 SHAF 30 40 31 33 30 27 47 37 47 34 37 48 42 49 38 38 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 3 2 4 3 1 1 3 4 3 2 4 5 5 4 0 3 SEAS 55 183 142 45 25 69 49 150 73 75 158 46 108 252 86 101 EQAS 1298 226 39 25 86 359 90 136 161 470 26 32 122 2 45 208 AUST 5 1 2 2 4 5 3 2 7 2 1 2 7 0 4 3 Globe 1609 828 425 272 254 664 478 654 811 881 780 346 406 1005 359 651