Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 emissions in 1E9 g SO2 per year, contributions (below All sources) as percentage All sources Year Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Mean BONA 34 216 68 26 9 140 122 288 135 102 83 101 91 185 108 114 TENA 2 12 16 17 9 18 15 6 8 17 33 21 11 7 23 14 CEAM 18 81 19 37 11 17 38 10 37 27 18 18 23 10 44 27 NHSA 24 66 14 19 17 9 68 26 13 11 28 13 13 8 9 22 SHSA 241 466 345 157 152 273 266 425 605 316 733 249 114 878 192 361 EURO 5 8 3 11 5 2 7 3 8 6 8 2 3 3 3 5 MIDE 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 NHAF 573 558 483 510 396 447 474 372 494 417 408 410 332 343 363 439 SHAF 555 714 565 537 530 491 609 594 644 566 542 596 561 625 569 580 BOAS 66 590 154 265 196 374 623 29 89 184 77 303 121 157 172 227 CEAS 72 35 20 44 32 50 59 25 26 39 37 44 37 30 11 37 SEAS 84 255 213 70 48 112 83 212 109 105 212 76 138 315 124 144 EQAS 1423 256 46 29 93 383 97 148 170 494 30 35 134 3 48 226 AUST 111 100 155 127 165 149 151 131 80 151 110 68 129 42 139 120 Globe 3209 3358 2103 1851 1665 2468 2615 2270 2418 2434 2321 1937 1707 2607 1807 2318 Grassland and open savanna fires BONA 8 6 5 9 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 TENA 26 6 9 10 9 5 5 5 18 11 4 4 13 9 13 8 CEAM 8 4 7 6 16 7 5 11 5 5 8 9 7 9 5 6 NHSA 28 16 62 52 51 55 19 52 55 55 35 52 54 31 70 36 SHSA 22 30 28 30 35 22 17 11 10 9 11 13 15 10 14 16 EURO 10 9 21 9 7 5 6 5 2 1 5 5 8 3 6 7 MIDE 33 44 32 32 16 23 31 26 24 23 18 24 32 38 28 28 NHAF 46 53 55 52 57 59 54 62 58 55 59 59 63 59 61 56 SHAF 30 36 35 37 39 43 40 41 38 41 42 40 41 43 47 39 BOAS 10 10 5 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 5 2 4 4 3 4 CEAS 22 29 17 23 20 35 17 34 35 29 29 16 15 27 36 24 SEAS 7 4 6 9 11 11 11 8 7 8 7 12 5 5 11 7 EQAS 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 4 1 1 AUST 66 76 83 79 76 64 41 84 72 58 76 81 62 80 84 71 Globe 19 26 35 35 39 27 26 30 28 25 29 31 33 24 37 29 Woodland fires BONA 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TENA 18 30 17 23 23 8 16 30 21 17 15 13 22 20 17 18 CEAM 8 7 14 7 21 11 8 18 17 10 9 9 9 19 18 11 NHSA 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 2 0 2 SHSA 6 5 8 4 11 13 6 8 6 8 11 10 9 8 10 8 EURO 28 38 30 33 27 35 35 45 35 27 45 28 45 46 36 35 MIDE 16 11 18 30 14 12 11 21 16 20 28 19 8 16 18 17 NHAF 28 23 20 23 21 16 23 14 18 20 18 18 13 17 12 19 SHAF 42 39 38 36 36 33 34 33 35 33 33 34 32 30 27 34 BOAS 7 2 5 2 2 3 4 9 4 3 9 6 4 3 3 4 CEAS 8 10 12 7 18 12 7 15 14 12 13 17 12 15 14 12 SEAS 7 3 4 5 9 5 6 3 4 4 3 4 2 1 3 3 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUST 9 6 7 6 6 5 6 6 8 7 3 5 10 6 6 6 Globe 14 14 18 19 19 12 15 14 16 13 16 18 16 13 14 15 Deforestation and degradation fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 3 2 3 1 0 2 1 0 1 CEAM 55 59 33 55 20 47 59 32 41 52 54 50 59 30 26 48 NHSA 49 71 23 31 32 24 66 37 25 24 49 28 27 53 20 48 SHSA 53 46 40 46 39 49 61 64 73 71 66 61 58 73 63 61 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 12 12 13 13 10 13 12 10 12 14 12 12 12 14 14 12 SHAF 5 6 5 6 6 6 8 6 7 6 7 8 7 8 7 7 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 4 4 19 6 2 2 4 16 12 6 11 12 15 14 3 8 SEAS 66 72 67 64 53 62 59 70 68 71 75 60 78 80 69 70 EQAS 29 54 54 74 40 41 50 49 58 42 59 73 43 77 33 40 AUST 5 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 8 1 1 3 5 0 3 3 Globe 23 22 20 15 12 19 17 26 31 25 33 18 20 39 18 23 Forest fires (excluding deforestation and degradation) BONA 90 91 92 89 94 98 98 99 98 98 98 98 98 98 99 97 TENA 49 58 68 61 57 84 74 52 49 65 77 79 53 49 65 67 CEAM 23 25 39 27 34 27 22 22 32 26 21 24 16 33 46 28 NHSA 18 11 12 14 14 17 14 10 17 17 14 16 14 13 9 14 SHSA 16 16 21 17 11 15 14 16 11 11 11 15 15 8 11 13 EURO 55 43 29 38 20 40 47 26 59 62 30 16 25 38 32 40 MIDE 3 4 9 14 3 3 6 5 8 13 17 12 3 6 10 8 NHAF 13 11 11 11 10 10 9 11 10 10 10 9 11 9 10 10 SHAF 21 19 21 20 18 19 17 19 19 20 18 18 19 18 19 19 BOAS 76 87 88 92 92 94 91 83 90 92 79 88 89 92 92 90 CEAS 51 38 30 45 11 27 60 11 12 33 22 23 35 24 26 34 SEAS 17 16 20 16 13 14 16 13 13 11 11 13 9 11 12 14 EQAS 7 9 10 10 5 5 5 6 4 4 10 7 7 13 5 6 AUST 20 16 8 13 15 28 50 8 11 34 19 11 22 12 6 19 Globe 15 33 25 29 24 32 39 26 21 24 19 31 25 23 27 26 Agricultural waste burning BONA 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 6 5 6 6 8 3 5 10 10 5 3 4 10 20 5 6 CEAM 6 5 6 5 9 7 7 17 5 6 9 7 9 9 4 6 NHSA 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SHSA 3 3 4 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 EURO 6 9 20 19 45 20 12 24 4 10 21 51 21 13 26 18 MIDE 47 42 41 25 67 61 53 48 52 44 38 44 57 40 44 47 NHAF 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 SHAF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BOAS 8 1 3 2 2 1 2 6 3 3 7 4 3 1 2 2 CEAS 14 19 22 19 50 24 11 25 27 21 25 32 23 20 21 22 SEAS 4 5 3 5 14 9 8 5 9 6 5 10 5 3 5 5 EQAS 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Globe 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 Peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EQAS 62 35 31 10 53 52 43 42 36 53 27 17 48 4 60 52 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 27 3 1 0 3 8 2 3 3 11 0 0 4 0 2 5 Deforestation + degradation + peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 3 2 3 1 0 2 1 0 1 CEAM 55 59 33 55 20 47 59 32 41 52 54 50 59 30 26 48 NHSA 49 71 23 31 32 24 66 37 25 24 49 28 27 53 20 48 SHSA 53 46 40 46 39 49 61 64 73 71 66 61 58 73 63 61 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 12 12 13 13 10 13 12 10 12 14 12 12 12 14 14 12 SHAF 5 6 5 6 6 6 8 6 7 6 7 8 7 8 7 7 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 4 4 19 6 2 2 4 16 12 6 11 12 15 14 3 8 SEAS 66 72 67 64 53 62 59 70 68 71 75 60 78 80 69 70 EQAS 91 88 86 85 92 94 93 92 95 95 86 91 91 81 93 92 AUST 5 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 8 1 1 3 5 0 3 3 Globe 50 25 20 15 15 27 18 29 34 36 34 18 24 39 20 28