Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 emissions in 1E8 g Terpenes per year All sources Year Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Mean BONA 71 453 145 53 20 308 269 637 298 224 182 223 201 409 240 249 TENA 4 24 34 36 18 40 32 13 16 34 71 46 23 19 46 30 CEAM 37 170 40 78 21 36 81 22 76 57 39 38 50 20 91 57 NHSA 39 120 14 23 21 11 122 31 15 12 42 16 15 13 8 34 SHSA 424 753 571 260 227 453 474 786 1141 600 1347 463 209 1637 350 646 EURO 11 16 8 26 18 6 16 8 17 15 20 8 6 6 7 13 MIDE 3 5 5 3 9 6 5 5 5 6 8 3 8 6 6 5 NHAF 680 601 520 567 408 460 497 368 505 446 414 410 323 346 361 460 SHAF 755 921 734 687 654 588 740 724 804 695 652 740 686 750 658 719 BOAS 149 1229 340 580 437 833 1380 66 199 412 176 691 271 342 385 499 CEAS 157 79 49 104 107 114 130 55 61 87 87 121 92 65 23 89 SEAS 164 538 420 136 107 233 166 431 235 211 428 158 289 632 235 292 EQAS 1385 382 72 57 103 435 126 195 243 547 48 63 163 5 47 258 AUST 101 77 99 91 127 148 213 83 65 168 86 46 126 30 87 103 Globe 3982 5369 3053 2702 2278 3671 4252 3426 3680 3513 3600 3026 2462 4280 2546 3456 Grassland and open savanna fires BONA 1 5 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 TENA 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 CEAM 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 NHSA 2 4 3 4 3 2 5 5 3 2 4 3 3 1 2 3 SHSA 20 53 36 18 20 22 17 18 22 11 31 12 6 32 10 22 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 99 112 100 100 86 99 97 88 108 86 91 92 79 76 85 93 SHAF 64 96 75 75 78 79 93 93 93 87 86 89 87 102 100 87 BOAS 2 22 3 4 3 2 8 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 CEAS 6 4 1 4 2 7 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 3 1 3 SEAS 2 4 5 2 2 5 4 7 3 3 5 4 3 5 5 4 EQAS 3 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 AUST 28 29 49 38 48 36 24 41 22 33 32 21 30 13 44 32 Globe 229 331 275 248 244 255 254 257 258 231 255 227 214 236 253 251 Woodland fires BONA 1 7 3 1 0 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 TENA 1 5 4 6 3 2 4 3 3 4 8 4 4 2 6 4 CEAM 2 8 4 4 3 3 5 3 9 4 2 3 3 3 12 5 NHSA 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 SHSA 21 33 43 10 25 54 26 49 54 39 118 38 16 106 30 44 EURO 2 5 2 5 2 1 4 2 4 3 5 1 2 2 1 3 MIDE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 241 193 146 178 125 107 167 81 137 124 113 110 65 86 69 129 SHAF 354 420 328 297 293 243 314 296 344 282 272 306 272 286 233 303 BOAS 7 20 11 8 6 17 36 4 5 8 11 29 7 6 9 12 CEAS 9 6 4 5 9 9 6 6 6 7 7 11 7 7 2 7 SEAS 9 13 12 5 6 8 8 11 6 7 9 5 3 6 5 7 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUST 15 9 16 12 15 11 14 13 10 15 5 5 20 4 13 12 Globe 663 721 574 532 489 457 587 471 579 495 554 515 402 511 383 529 Deforestation and degradation fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 19 92 12 40 3 15 44 6 29 27 19 18 26 6 22 25 NHSA 23 97 6 12 10 4 92 20 6 5 28 7 7 9 4 22 SHSA 254 418 263 144 112 260 321 544 892 451 966 304 130 1294 245 440 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 124 118 111 122 68 107 101 68 108 103 84 86 67 85 95 97 SHAF 48 62 48 51 48 43 74 60 75 53 58 85 67 82 62 61 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 4 3 7 4 1 2 4 6 5 4 6 8 9 7 1 5 SEAS 103 365 271 83 48 131 89 291 141 144 305 85 213 489 160 195 EQAS 873 287 52 46 77 333 102 153 209 432 37 54 121 4 33 187 AUST 8 2 3 4 7 8 5 3 12 3 2 3 12 0 8 5 Globe 1457 1444 773 506 375 903 832 1151 1477 1222 1507 650 652 1976 630 1037 Forest fires (excluding deforestation and degradation) BONA 68 440 141 52 19 305 266 633 296 222 180 220 199 405 237 246 TENA 2 15 24 24 11 35 24 7 9 24 57 37 13 8 33 21 CEAM 9 45 17 22 8 10 18 5 26 16 8 10 9 7 46 17 NHSA 10 16 4 6 5 3 21 6 5 4 8 5 4 2 2 7 SHSA 87 162 159 58 38 89 84 148 148 76 185 82 39 164 48 105 EURO 7 8 2 9 2 2 8 2 10 9 5 1 1 2 2 5 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 166 138 115 122 86 104 93 90 106 95 88 85 78 70 83 101 SHAF 263 302 259 236 214 203 232 251 266 252 212 237 238 255 242 244 BOAS 111 1140 301 543 403 785 1258 53 177 377 135 591 239 321 351 452 CEAS 82 30 13 45 8 31 79 6 7 29 18 23 29 16 6 28 SEAS 32 93 97 25 14 35 29 60 31 25 54 22 29 77 33 44 EQAS 209 52 10 7 11 40 11 21 16 42 7 6 20 1 5 30 AUST 51 36 29 36 56 93 170 24 20 115 47 16 62 11 19 52 Globe 1096 2478 1172 1185 874 1735 2294 1307 1117 1284 1007 1336 960 1341 1108 1353 Agricultural waste burning BONA 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 TENA 1 3 5 6 4 3 4 3 4 4 5 4 6 8 6 4 CEAM 6 24 7 11 6 7 14 9 11 9 9 7 11 5 10 10 NHSA 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 SHSA 42 87 69 30 33 29 26 27 25 23 47 27 17 40 17 36 EURO 2 4 4 11 14 3 5 4 2 4 9 6 3 2 4 5 MIDE 3 4 4 2 8 5 4 4 4 4 5 2 7 5 4 4 NHAF 50 40 47 45 43 42 39 41 46 39 37 37 34 28 29 40 SHAF 27 40 25 27 21 21 26 24 27 21 24 22 22 25 21 25 BOAS 29 47 26 25 25 30 79 9 15 26 29 69 23 13 24 31 CEAS 56 37 24 46 88 66 36 34 39 44 51 76 46 33 12 46 SEAS 18 64 35 20 36 54 37 63 55 33 54 42 41 55 32 43 EQAS 126 25 6 3 6 22 4 7 6 20 3 2 9 0 3 16 AUST 1 1 3 2 1 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 Globe 362 377 255 231 286 281 277 228 237 230 276 297 221 215 167 263 Peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EQAS 174 18 3 1 10 40 8 12 12 52 2 1 13 0 6 23 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 174 18 3 1 10 40 8 12 12 52 2 1 13 0 6 23 Deforestation + degradation + peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 19 92 12 40 3 15 44 6 29 27 19 18 26 6 22 25 NHSA 23 97 6 12 10 4 92 20 6 5 28 7 7 9 4 22 SHSA 254 418 263 144 112 260 321 544 892 451 966 304 130 1294 245 440 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 124 118 111 122 68 107 101 68 108 103 84 86 67 85 95 97 SHAF 48 62 48 51 48 43 74 60 75 53 58 85 67 82 62 61 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 4 3 7 4 1 2 4 6 5 4 6 8 9 7 1 5 SEAS 103 365 271 83 48 131 89 291 141 144 305 85 213 489 160 195 EQAS 1047 305 55 46 87 372 110 165 221 484 38 55 133 4 39 211 AUST 8 2 3 4 7 8 5 3 12 3 2 3 12 0 8 5 Globe 1630 1462 776 507 385 942 841 1163 1489 1274 1509 652 665 1976 635 1060