Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 emissions in 1E8 g Terpenes per year, contributions (below All sources) as percentage All sources Year Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Mean BONA 71 453 145 53 20 308 269 637 298 224 182 223 201 409 240 249 TENA 4 24 34 36 18 40 32 13 16 34 71 46 23 19 46 30 CEAM 37 170 40 78 21 36 81 22 76 57 39 38 50 20 91 57 NHSA 39 120 14 23 21 11 122 31 15 12 42 16 15 13 8 34 SHSA 424 753 571 260 227 453 474 786 1141 600 1347 463 209 1637 350 646 EURO 11 16 8 26 18 6 16 8 17 15 20 8 6 6 7 13 MIDE 3 5 5 3 9 6 5 5 5 6 8 3 8 6 6 5 NHAF 680 601 520 567 408 460 497 368 505 446 414 410 323 346 361 460 SHAF 755 921 734 687 654 588 740 724 804 695 652 740 686 750 658 719 BOAS 149 1229 340 580 437 833 1380 66 199 412 176 691 271 342 385 499 CEAS 157 79 49 104 107 114 130 55 61 87 87 121 92 65 23 89 SEAS 164 538 420 136 107 233 166 431 235 211 428 158 289 632 235 292 EQAS 1385 382 72 57 103 435 126 195 243 547 48 63 163 5 47 258 AUST 101 77 99 91 127 148 213 83 65 168 86 46 126 30 87 103 Globe 3982 5369 3053 2702 2278 3671 4252 3426 3680 3513 3600 3026 2462 4280 2546 3456 Grassland and open savanna fires BONA 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 6 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 CEAM 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 NHSA 6 3 22 16 16 18 4 16 18 18 9 16 17 7 29 9 SHSA 5 7 6 7 9 5 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 EURO 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 MIDE 4 6 4 5 1 2 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 5 3 3 NHAF 15 19 19 18 21 22 20 24 21 19 22 22 25 22 23 20 SHAF 8 10 10 11 12 13 13 13 12 13 13 12 13 14 15 12 BOAS 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 CEAS 4 5 3 4 2 6 3 6 6 5 5 2 2 5 6 4 SEAS 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 EQAS 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 AUST 28 38 49 42 38 25 11 50 33 20 37 45 24 43 51 31 Globe 6 6 9 9 11 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 9 6 10 7 Woodland fires BONA 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TENA 16 22 12 17 16 6 11 20 16 12 11 9 15 12 13 13 CEAM 6 5 10 5 16 8 6 12 12 8 6 7 7 13 14 8 NHSA 3 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 3 3 2 3 4 2 0 2 SHSA 5 4 8 4 11 12 5 6 5 6 9 8 8 6 8 7 EURO 21 27 20 21 12 21 23 26 25 17 27 12 28 30 20 22 MIDE 8 6 9 20 5 5 5 10 7 10 14 9 4 9 9 8 NHAF 35 32 28 31 31 23 34 22 27 28 27 27 20 25 19 28 SHAF 47 46 45 43 45 41 42 41 43 41 42 41 40 38 35 42 BOAS 5 2 3 1 1 2 3 6 3 2 6 4 3 2 2 2 CEAS 6 7 7 5 8 8 5 10 9 8 8 9 7 10 10 7 SEAS 5 2 3 4 6 4 5 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 2 3 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUST 14 12 16 13 12 7 7 15 15 9 6 12 16 14 15 11 Globe 17 13 19 20 21 12 14 14 16 14 15 17 16 12 15 15 Deforestation and degradation fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 1 3 1 0 2 1 0 1 CEAM 52 54 29 51 16 43 54 25 38 47 49 47 52 27 24 44 NHSA 59 80 43 52 50 39 76 62 41 41 67 45 46 68 44 66 SHSA 60 56 46 55 49 57 68 69 78 75 72 66 62 79 70 68 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 18 20 21 22 17 23 20 19 21 23 20 21 21 25 26 21 SHAF 6 7 7 7 7 7 10 8 9 8 9 11 10 11 9 8 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 3 4 13 4 1 2 3 12 9 4 7 7 9 10 2 5 SEAS 63 68 64 61 45 56 53 67 60 68 71 54 74 77 68 67 EQAS 63 75 73 80 74 76 81 79 86 79 76 85 74 80 70 73 AUST 8 2 3 4 6 5 2 4 18 2 3 7 10 1 9 5 Globe 37 27 25 19 16 25 20 34 40 35 42 21 26 46 25 30 Forest fires (excluding deforestation and degradation) BONA 96 97 97 96 95 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 TENA 61 63 71 65 59 87 76 52 53 70 80 81 54 42 72 70 CEAM 25 26 42 28 39 29 23 22 34 28 22 26 17 35 51 30 NHSA 24 14 26 25 26 33 17 18 32 32 20 30 27 19 23 20 SHSA 21 22 28 22 17 20 18 19 13 13 14 18 19 10 14 16 EURO 60 46 28 35 13 35 47 22 63 58 26 10 23 37 26 37 MIDE 3 3 7 14 2 2 4 3 5 10 13 9 2 5 7 6 NHAF 24 23 22 22 21 23 19 25 21 21 21 21 24 20 23 22 SHAF 35 33 35 34 33 34 31 35 33 36 32 32 35 34 37 34 BOAS 75 93 88 94 92 94 91 80 89 91 77 86 88 94 91 91 CEAS 52 38 27 43 7 27 61 12 12 33 21 19 31 25 27 32 SEAS 19 17 23 19 13 15 18 14 13 12 13 14 10 12 14 15 EQAS 15 14 14 12 10 9 9 11 7 8 14 9 13 15 10 12 AUST 50 47 29 39 44 63 80 29 31 68 54 35 49 37 22 51 Globe 28 46 38 44 38 47 54 38 30 37 28 44 39 31 44 39 Agricultural waste burning BONA 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 18 14 15 16 21 6 12 25 26 13 7 9 26 43 13 15 CEAM 16 14 17 14 26 18 17 39 14 17 22 19 22 23 11 17 NHSA 7 2 7 4 6 8 2 3 6 6 2 6 6 4 4 3 SHSA 10 11 12 12 15 6 5 3 2 4 4 6 8 2 5 6 EURO 17 25 49 43 74 44 29 51 11 24 46 78 48 32 53 40 MIDE 85 85 79 61 92 90 88 83 85 78 71 79 91 81 80 83 NHAF 7 7 9 8 11 9 8 11 9 9 9 9 11 8 8 9 SHAF 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 BOAS 19 4 8 4 6 4 6 13 8 6 16 10 8 4 6 6 CEAS 35 47 49 44 82 58 28 61 65 50 58 63 50 50 54 52 SEAS 11 12 8 15 33 23 22 15 23 15 13 27 14 9 14 15 EQAS 9 7 9 6 5 5 4 4 2 4 6 4 5 3 7 6 AUST 1 1 3 2 1 0 0 3 2 1 1 2 1 6 3 1 Globe 9 7 8 9 13 8 7 7 6 7 8 10 9 5 7 8 Peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EQAS 13 5 4 1 9 9 7 6 5 10 3 2 8 0 12 9 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Globe 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Deforestation + degradation + peat fires BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 1 3 1 0 2 1 0 1 CEAM 52 54 29 51 16 43 54 25 38 47 49 47 52 27 24 44 NHSA 59 80 43 52 50 39 76 62 41 41 67 45 46 68 44 66 SHSA 60 56 46 55 49 57 68 69 78 75 72 66 62 79 70 68 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NHAF 18 20 21 22 17 23 20 19 21 23 20 21 21 25 26 21 SHAF 6 7 7 7 7 7 10 8 9 8 9 11 10 11 9 8 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CEAS 3 4 13 4 1 2 3 12 9 4 7 7 9 10 2 5 SEAS 63 68 64 61 45 56 53 67 60 68 71 54 74 77 68 67 EQAS 76 80 77 81 84 86 87 85 91 89 79 87 82 81 82 82 AUST 8 2 3 4 6 5 2 4 18 2 3 7 10 1 9 5 Globe 41 27 25 19 17 26 20 34 40 36 42 22 27 46 25 31