# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # C10H16 emissions estimates in 1E9 g C10H16 for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 102 346 143 73 43 330 199 401 267 194 147 119 157 284 190 185 382 430 506 142 431 312 349 38 635 381 3092 | 366 TENA 17 22 46 38 18 39 30 16 19 35 65 44 20 16 31 57 37 41 74 36 99 94 15 260 236 78 35 | 57 CEAM 4 49 9 14 3 5 15 2 12 9 9 11 6 4 13 6 10 2 4 6 9 7 10 7 6 5 9 | 10 NHSA 6 9 4 6 7 3 12 5 4 3 8 4 4 5 2 3 3 5 5 11 3 6 10 8 2 4 5 | 6 SHSA 99 123 122 64 51 89 80 109 126 62 150 58 39 156 49 82 47 59 78 73 94 42 80 112 78 89 94 | 86 EURO 6 5 4 7 2 3 8 2 4 5 5 3 2 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 10 3 3 4 6 12 5 | 5 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 79 109 86 93 77 81 74 67 82 64 72 71 63 56 67 59 63 60 62 76 61 63 49 61 54 49 47 | 69 SHAF 103 123 102 97 133 110 117 115 123 114 109 117 116 127 120 109 120 110 111 112 111 112 111 98 110 100 107 | 113 BOAS 303 1039 346 385 344 614 1033 116 200 408 180 585 210 268 364 827 322 444 370 570 416 686 830 795 1465 265 468 | 514 TEAS 118 110 70 61 41 72 76 59 34 68 80 79 92 52 48 60 35 49 68 26 35 28 30 35 24 35 27 | 57 SEAS 36 67 88 55 37 26 46 66 53 52 61 37 66 67 35 64 54 75 45 56 34 37 48 42 65 31 49 | 52 EQAS 296 29 22 8 8 69 17 46 21 96 6 5 52 3 20 21 16 58 108 6 3 14 51 3 2 2 18 | 38 AUST 85 64 77 59 75 118 203 32 19 122 60 21 64 17 37 45 59 50 34 33 33 40 511 154 16 16 39 | 78 Global 1261 2103 1126 968 845 1566 1918 1040 971 1239 958 1165 899 1065 985 1531 1155 1391 1471 1154 1345 1450 2104 1621 2705 1073 4003 | 1449 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 3 2 1 0 | 1 CEAM 1 10 2 4 1 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 | 3 NHSA 4 5 3 4 4 3 5 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 1 2 2 4 3 4 2 4 5 5 2 3 3 | 4 SHSA 33 34 33 14 21 30 22 27 29 16 38 17 10 38 13 25 13 16 19 19 22 11 25 30 24 22 21 | 24 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 73 90 77 79 70 73 68 62 74 58 64 67 58 53 60 54 58 54 54 64 55 57 44 55 49 44 43 | 62 SHAF 98 115 98 91 116 95 103 101 106 100 98 103 104 111 108 99 105 97 96 96 96 94 98 87 97 88 95 | 100 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 4 3 2 2 2 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 1 4 1 3 1 1 2 1 | 3 SEAS 8 16 11 10 7 8 9 15 12 9 14 7 10 11 6 9 7 10 9 8 6 6 9 9 8 4 9 | 10 EQAS 16 4 2 0 1 5 2 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 | 3 AUST 13 13 28 18 27 21 11 19 10 16 15 10 15 6 25 26 10 16 14 9 15 19 18 8 9 9 23 | 16 Global 256 297 262 229 253 247 233 242 248 218 244 218 211 232 226 225 203 207 210 209 210 202 212 206 201 180 204 | 226 Boreal forest fires: BONA 79 319 131 68 31 320 184 396 260 183 142 114 148 265 185 177 376 412 491 132 388 281 286 35 550 368 2949 | 344 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 283 1022 327 378 333 592 1025 104 194 374 172 569 197 222 356 820 318 428 363 564 410 675 821 790 1453 255 455 | 501 TEAS 64 50 22 35 11 47 53 21 7 39 50 38 43 8 13 36 5 9 34 5 14 8 7 6 2 10 7 | 24 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 427 1393 481 483 377 959 1262 522 463 597 366 728 389 496 555 1033 699 850 889 702 813 966 1116 832 2006 634 3412 | 869 Temperate forest fires: BONA 22 25 11 4 11 9 14 3 5 10 4 3 9 18 4 6 4 15 12 9 41 29 61 2 82 11 129 | 21 TENA 17 21 45 37 18 38 29 15 18 34 63 43 19 15 29 56 36 40 72 35 97 91 14 256 234 76 34 | 55 CEAM 1 11 5 4 0 1 1 0 1 4 3 6 0 1 4 4 2 0 0 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 | 3 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 30 26 36 25 17 23 26 25 17 15 21 18 20 21 18 19 20 15 17 16 35 12 14 31 16 21 37 | 23 EURO 5 4 3 6 2 3 7 1 4 4 4 3 2 1 4 6 2 2 2 2 9 2 3 3 6 12 5 | 4 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 2 5 2 1 3 1 3 0 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 7 1 1 1 1 2 | 2 BOAS 18 15 18 5 9 21 5 10 4 31 7 13 12 44 7 5 2 14 6 4 5 10 8 3 9 10 12 | 12 TEAS 48 54 45 22 26 18 19 33 22 24 25 37 45 38 32 21 28 36 29 18 16 17 19 26 20 21 18 | 29 SEAS 23 32 63 37 26 12 32 33 30 35 27 24 45 37 20 43 32 48 23 35 20 23 28 21 47 22 30 | 32 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 71 51 48 40 47 96 191 12 8 104 44 10 47 10 10 17 48 33 18 23 16 19 491 144 5 6 15 | 61 Global 242 247 279 186 163 227 331 135 118 267 206 163 205 195 134 185 180 210 185 150 251 217 647 494 425 186 289 | 242 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 1 27 1 5 1 1 9 0 6 2 3 2 3 0 4 0 4 0 2 2 3 1 4 3 2 1 3 | 4 NHSA 2 4 1 2 2 0 7 1 1 0 3 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 6 0 2 5 2 0 1 1 | 2 SHSA 34 62 52 24 12 35 30 56 79 30 91 22 8 96 17 36 14 27 40 37 36 18 39 49 37 45 35 | 40 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 5 18 9 14 6 7 5 4 7 5 7 4 4 3 6 4 4 4 7 10 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 | 7 SHAF 2 2 1 4 13 12 10 12 12 12 7 12 11 13 10 8 12 10 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 | 10 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 5 18 12 7 3 5 5 18 9 7 19 4 10 17 8 11 14 15 12 12 6 7 10 11 9 4 9 | 10 EQAS 139 22 15 6 3 37 9 27 10 44 4 2 23 2 9 10 8 28 50 4 2 8 24 2 1 1 10 | 19 AUST 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 192 158 96 65 44 102 81 123 128 105 137 50 64 138 58 73 61 91 128 86 67 57 101 85 67 69 76 | 93 Peat fires: BONA 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 12 | 2 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 140 2 4 0 3 25 6 14 10 47 0 0 26 0 9 9 6 26 53 1 0 4 24 0 0 0 7 | 16 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 140 4 5 1 4 28 9 15 11 48 1 1 27 2 10 11 8 29 56 3 1 5 25 1 3 1 20 | 18 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1