# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # C2H2 emissions estimates in 1E9 g C2H2 for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 10 34 14 8 5 31 19 37 25 18 13 11 15 26 17 18 35 41 47 13 41 30 34 4 62 35 289 | 35 TENA 5 6 10 10 5 9 8 6 7 10 14 10 7 8 10 12 8 9 16 10 20 23 6 46 39 18 9 | 13 CEAM 13 125 15 35 9 13 45 8 34 17 20 17 20 11 29 9 26 8 14 17 21 14 24 21 15 12 23 | 23 NHSA 21 30 15 20 22 12 39 18 13 11 25 13 14 18 6 10 11 18 17 33 11 21 32 25 8 14 17 | 19 SHSA 211 296 265 122 105 202 166 257 326 146 388 123 63 404 97 192 88 133 185 172 180 93 197 245 189 206 177 | 194 EURO 4 4 3 10 5 2 5 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 3 5 2 2 1 3 5 2 3 2 4 7 2 | 4 MIDE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 | 1 NHAF 252 344 272 295 244 257 231 213 264 209 231 229 201 183 212 189 199 189 198 239 195 199 158 195 174 158 153 | 218 SHAF 309 362 308 293 399 333 349 350 367 346 322 352 350 378 360 327 359 328 331 331 327 320 333 296 329 300 320 | 337 BOAS 40 113 42 45 40 64 110 20 28 58 25 76 28 38 41 83 31 53 42 57 43 68 82 77 140 32 50 | 57 TEAS 43 40 27 24 31 38 28 35 33 35 35 41 35 30 22 24 19 34 37 19 32 18 23 21 16 21 18 | 29 SEAS 48 112 86 62 37 45 51 108 76 59 108 43 73 96 51 73 74 90 74 71 47 50 68 71 66 34 63 | 68 EQAS 525 83 55 23 17 141 38 102 39 168 19 14 89 11 38 39 32 103 184 15 10 32 91 8 6 6 37 | 72 AUST 52 48 95 61 90 81 62 62 35 66 52 34 56 21 82 83 40 56 49 33 52 64 125 47 32 29 75 | 59 Global 1541 1606 1213 1014 1019 1233 1156 1225 1260 1152 1264 974 961 1235 977 1071 931 1072 1203 1020 992 940 1185 1066 1089 877 1239 | 1131 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 0 TENA 2 2 3 4 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 5 8 2 10 6 5 1 | 4 CEAM 5 31 6 14 4 5 12 3 12 6 7 6 7 5 10 4 8 4 4 6 7 5 9 7 6 4 8 | 8 NHSA 12 16 10 13 12 9 16 12 9 8 13 9 10 9 5 7 7 12 10 13 7 12 14 15 6 10 11 | 11 SHSA 98 102 99 42 63 91 67 82 87 48 112 50 30 112 39 76 38 47 58 56 66 35 74 90 73 66 64 | 70 EURO 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 0 NHAF 217 269 228 235 207 217 203 184 220 173 191 199 174 157 178 162 173 162 162 192 164 169 132 164 147 132 127 | 183 SHAF 291 341 292 271 345 283 307 302 317 297 292 307 308 330 321 294 312 288 286 284 287 279 292 258 287 262 281 | 297 BOAS 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 3 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 TEAS 12 11 6 6 7 15 9 10 10 11 8 7 6 10 6 7 3 9 10 5 13 5 9 5 5 7 5 | 9 SEAS 25 48 35 29 22 23 27 45 36 28 41 23 30 33 20 28 22 30 27 24 19 20 28 29 26 13 26 | 29 EQAS 49 12 6 2 3 16 6 12 4 14 5 4 7 3 4 4 4 7 14 3 2 4 8 1 1 1 4 | 8 AUST 40 39 85 54 80 64 33 58 31 49 45 31 45 18 77 77 29 48 41 27 45 56 55 26 29 27 69 | 48 Global 760 880 776 680 752 733 690 717 735 647 725 648 625 688 671 669 604 615 622 619 623 599 630 611 596 535 605 | 669 Boreal forest fires: BONA 7 28 11 6 2 28 16 35 23 16 12 10 13 23 16 15 33 37 44 11 34 25 25 3 49 33 265 | 31 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 25 91 29 34 30 53 92 9 17 33 15 51 17 19 32 73 28 38 32 50 36 60 73 70 130 22 40 | 45 TEAS 5 4 2 3 1 4 4 1 0 3 4 3 3 0 1 3 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 2 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 38 125 43 43 33 86 113 46 41 53 32 65 34 44 49 92 62 76 79 63 73 86 100 74 180 57 306 | 78 Temperate forest fires: BONA 2 3 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 5 3 8 0 10 1 16 | 3 TENA 2 2 5 4 2 5 3 1 2 4 8 5 2 1 3 7 4 5 9 4 12 11 1 33 30 9 4 | 7 CEAM 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 4 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 4 2 2 4 | 3 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 2 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 0 4 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 | 2 TEAS 6 7 5 2 3 2 2 4 2 3 3 4 5 5 4 2 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 | 4 SEAS 2 4 8 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 3 3 5 4 2 5 4 6 3 4 2 3 3 2 6 2 3 | 4 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 9 6 6 5 6 12 24 1 1 13 5 1 6 1 1 2 6 4 2 2 2 2 63 18 0 0 2 | 8 Global 31 32 36 24 21 29 43 17 15 34 26 21 26 25 17 24 23 27 24 19 32 28 84 64 55 24 37 | 31 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 5 81 5 14 3 5 28 2 17 7 9 6 10 2 14 2 14 2 6 8 9 5 11 10 6 5 10 | 11 NHSA 7 12 4 6 7 2 21 4 3 1 10 3 2 7 0 2 3 5 5 19 2 7 16 8 1 4 5 | 7 SHSA 102 183 154 72 35 102 90 166 232 90 267 65 25 283 51 108 41 79 120 108 105 53 116 145 109 132 104 | 117 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 15 54 26 41 20 22 16 13 22 16 21 12 12 10 18 13 12 14 21 31 16 16 13 16 13 13 12 | 19 SHAF 7 7 5 12 38 36 31 35 37 37 21 35 33 38 29 23 37 31 35 38 31 31 32 29 31 29 29 | 29 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 4 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 14 53 36 22 10 16 15 52 29 22 57 13 30 52 23 33 42 46 36 35 20 22 30 32 28 14 28 | 30 EQAS 409 67 45 19 11 111 28 80 29 131 12 8 68 6 28 29 24 83 146 11 7 25 70 5 4 4 29 | 56 AUST 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 1 2 2 0 1 4 0 2 2 3 3 4 1 3 4 3 1 1 1 2 | 2 Global 564 464 282 191 131 299 237 361 375 309 402 147 189 405 170 216 179 267 378 254 197 167 296 251 198 203 223 | 273 Peat fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 | 1 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 56 0 1 0 1 10 2 5 4 18 0 0 10 0 3 3 2 10 21 0 0 1 9 0 0 0 2 | 6 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 56 1 2 0 1 11 3 6 4 19 0 0 11 0 4 4 3 11 22 1 0 2 10 0 1 0 8 | 7 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 | 1 TENA 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 | 2 CEAM 2 10 2 5 1 2 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 1 3 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 | 3 NHSA 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 | 1 SHSA 6 7 7 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 3 5 5 4 5 5 4 2 3 5 4 4 3 | 5 EURO 2 2 1 6 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 4 1 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHAF 19 20 17 18 16 17 11 15 22 18 18 17 14 15 15 14 14 12 14 15 14 13 12 14 13 12 13 | 16 SHAF 10 12 10 8 15 13 9 12 13 11 8 8 8 9 8 8 9 7 8 8 8 9 9 8 9 8 8 | 10 BOAS 11 17 9 9 8 7 15 7 8 17 8 20 7 11 7 7 2 12 8 5 5 5 6 5 6 6 5 | 9 TEAS 17 15 10 10 18 15 9 14 17 16 16 24 18 11 10 10 10 19 20 11 15 9 11 11 7 10 8 | 14 SEAS 5 6 6 4 1 3 3 5 7 4 5 3 7 5 4 5 6 6 7 7 4 5 6 6 5 3 4 | 5 EQAS 11 2 1 0 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 | 2 AUST 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 | 1 Global 90 102 73 74 78 74 67 75 87 87 75 91 74 71 63 63 57 72 76 62 65 56 63 63 57 57 58 | 72