# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # C2H4O emissions estimates in 1E9 g C2H4O for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 48 172 72 41 23 164 110 181 131 93 72 57 74 135 91 103 194 230 254 76 186 132 156 19 291 173 1468 | 176 TENA 17 21 32 32 18 27 27 22 24 31 45 33 24 30 31 38 25 28 50 31 63 66 19 138 118 54 29 | 40 CEAM 43 414 47 114 31 42 148 30 110 57 66 54 68 36 94 30 86 28 47 55 68 45 79 70 49 40 75 | 76 NHSA 62 89 43 58 66 33 121 50 37 30 74 39 41 55 18 28 32 52 50 103 31 61 99 74 23 41 50 | 54 SHSA 637 933 827 384 301 610 511 815 1055 462 1244 381 192 1298 302 595 270 419 591 548 562 290 613 766 588 652 551 | 608 EURO 15 16 12 39 24 9 17 15 15 14 18 17 10 10 15 22 10 10 7 10 20 8 12 8 15 28 8 | 15 MIDE 1 5 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 2 5 5 4 3 3 3 5 4 4 2 3 3 6 2 4 | 4 NHAF 659 925 716 790 640 675 595 556 703 559 614 598 523 482 560 497 520 493 528 640 515 524 420 515 460 418 407 | 576 SHAF 767 898 761 730 1027 863 888 900 946 891 810 895 888 963 908 825 915 832 847 850 833 819 849 758 840 767 814 | 855 BOAS 176 503 184 203 188 284 502 88 129 250 112 336 128 177 184 377 148 236 188 265 191 308 366 349 628 140 220 | 255 TEAS 158 146 98 89 120 136 100 128 124 130 134 164 137 104 81 88 73 130 143 72 113 68 84 78 58 77 66 | 108 SEAS 145 344 266 187 107 134 149 332 234 178 337 127 229 305 161 227 242 286 236 229 147 158 214 221 205 107 195 | 212 EQAS 4664 330 282 96 135 1013 254 640 341 1543 81 63 856 43 326 325 237 902 1717 81 43 203 803 37 32 23 278 | 569 AUST 133 122 236 153 227 205 168 155 91 172 130 86 145 52 202 206 104 142 124 84 133 162 346 127 81 74 185 | 150 Global 7533 4927 3588 2924 2919 4207 3600 3921 3950 4420 3746 2863 3330 3702 2984 3371 2867 3801 4795 3057 2917 2854 4070 3168 3401 2601 4357 | 3699 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 | 0 TENA 4 5 7 10 4 7 5 5 7 9 8 7 5 5 9 9 4 5 8 8 12 21 5 24 16 12 4 | 9 CEAM 13 75 15 34 10 13 29 8 28 15 16 16 16 13 25 11 19 10 11 14 18 13 21 18 14 11 19 | 19 NHSA 29 38 24 32 30 22 38 30 22 20 32 22 25 23 13 16 18 28 25 32 18 30 35 37 15 24 26 | 27 SHSA 234 243 236 100 151 217 159 195 207 116 268 120 72 268 94 181 91 113 138 134 156 83 177 214 174 159 152 | 165 EURO 2 3 1 6 2 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 1 0 1 2 4 0 1 1 3 3 1 | 3 MIDE 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 1 1 | 1 NHAF 517 638 542 559 493 516 482 437 522 413 455 473 414 372 424 385 411 386 385 457 391 402 315 389 351 315 302 | 436 SHAF 693 812 694 645 821 674 731 717 752 706 694 731 733 784 763 699 742 685 681 676 682 663 694 613 683 623 669 | 706 BOAS 3 3 2 2 2 1 4 5 2 7 1 6 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 | 3 TEAS 29 26 15 16 17 37 22 25 25 27 20 18 14 25 15 17 8 21 23 12 31 12 21 13 13 16 13 | 20 SEAS 61 114 83 71 52 56 66 107 85 66 99 54 71 80 48 67 53 72 65 58 46 47 67 70 62 31 63 | 68 EQAS 116 30 16 6 9 38 15 30 11 33 12 10 17 9 11 10 10 18 34 7 5 10 21 3 3 3 10 | 19 AUST 97 92 202 128 190 153 78 137 74 118 108 75 107 44 182 184 70 114 98 65 108 134 131 62 69 64 164 | 113 Global 1805 2090 1844 1616 1786 1741 1639 1704 1746 1537 1723 1539 1485 1634 1594 1590 1435 1462 1479 1471 1480 1423 1496 1452 1416 1271 1436 | 1589 Boreal forest fires: BONA 30 122 50 26 12 123 70 152 100 70 54 44 56 101 71 68 144 158 188 50 149 108 110 13 211 141 1133 | 132 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 109 393 125 145 128 227 394 40 74 144 66 219 75 85 137 315 122 164 139 217 157 259 315 303 558 98 175 | 192 TEAS 24 19 8 13 4 18 20 8 3 15 19 14 16 3 5 13 2 3 13 2 5 3 3 2 1 4 2 | 9 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 164 535 185 185 145 368 485 200 178 229 140 280 149 190 213 397 269 327 342 270 312 371 429 319 771 243 1311 | 334 Temperate forest fires: BONA 8 9 4 1 4 3 5 1 1 3 1 1 3 7 1 2 1 5 4 3 16 11 23 0 31 4 49 | 8 TENA 6 8 17 14 7 14 11 5 7 13 24 16 7 5 11 21 14 15 27 13 37 35 5 98 89 29 13 | 21 CEAM 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 11 10 14 9 6 9 10 9 6 5 8 7 7 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 13 4 5 12 6 8 14 | 9 EURO 2 1 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 2 4 1 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 BOAS 7 5 7 2 3 8 2 3 1 12 2 5 4 17 2 2 1 5 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 4 | 5 TEAS 18 20 17 8 10 7 7 12 8 9 9 14 17 14 12 8 11 13 11 7 6 6 7 10 7 8 6 | 11 SEAS 8 12 24 14 10 4 12 12 11 13 10 9 17 14 7 16 12 18 8 13 8 9 11 8 18 8 11 | 12 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 27 19 18 15 18 36 73 4 3 40 17 3 18 4 4 6 18 12 7 8 6 7 188 55 2 2 5 | 23 Global 93 95 107 71 62 87 127 52 45 102 79 63 78 75 51 71 69 80 71 58 96 83 248 190 163 71 111 | 93 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 18 286 18 52 12 18 100 7 62 25 33 22 35 8 51 8 51 9 23 28 33 20 42 36 22 18 38 | 40 NHSA 26 43 14 21 28 7 77 15 10 5 35 11 9 26 2 8 11 18 20 67 9 26 57 29 6 14 18 | 23 SHSA 359 647 543 253 125 361 319 585 819 318 942 230 90 998 182 382 147 279 422 382 372 188 411 513 386 465 367 | 411 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 53 192 94 145 72 79 57 48 77 59 75 43 43 38 66 46 44 51 77 111 57 59 49 58 46 45 44 | 68 SHAF 26 27 19 43 134 126 111 125 132 130 75 124 116 134 104 84 130 110 126 134 110 109 113 104 112 104 104 | 103 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 7 9 6 3 2 1 5 14 4 2 6 3 4 9 0 2 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 | 4 SEAS 52 187 128 80 37 58 53 186 102 77 203 47 107 185 83 118 148 164 127 125 71 77 106 115 99 49 98 | 107 EQAS 1441 237 159 69 39 391 98 284 104 463 45 30 241 23 99 104 87 295 517 41 25 89 249 20 16 14 104 | 196 AUST 3 5 9 4 10 9 11 6 8 7 2 5 16 0 9 9 12 11 15 6 12 15 13 4 5 4 9 | 9 Global 1989 1637 994 674 463 1055 837 1274 1324 1090 1419 520 667 1426 600 763 633 943 1331 896 695 589 1044 884 698 717 787 | 962 Peat fires: BONA 6 29 14 6 4 35 33 25 26 18 15 11 12 24 16 29 46 62 58 20 18 10 19 0 43 25 274 | 33 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 5 18 7 11 16 12 32 4 8 7 4 13 9 18 5 24 13 7 5 21 5 18 14 17 32 5 9 | 13 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 3053 51 100 16 81 565 133 312 219 1030 17 16 587 5 207 204 136 581 1156 29 9 99 524 10 9 3 159 | 345 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 3065 100 122 35 102 613 199 341 255 1055 37 40 608 49 230 258 195 652 1221 72 33 127 558 28 85 34 442 | 392 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 2 9 2 6 2 2 0 2 2 0 0 1 2 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 4 0 8 | 3 TENA 6 7 8 7 7 4 10 11 9 8 11 9 11 19 11 7 7 7 13 9 13 10 8 15 12 12 11 | 10 CEAM 10 48 12 25 7 10 17 14 18 15 15 12 15 13 15 8 14 8 12 12 14 10 15 14 11 9 15 | 15 NHSA 5 7 4 4 7 3 5 4 4 4 6 4 6 4 1 3 3 5 5 4 2 4 6 6 2 3 5 | 5 SHSA 31 32 33 20 16 22 22 24 20 22 25 23 21 23 18 24 23 20 23 25 20 12 17 25 20 19 17 | 23 EURO 9 10 8 30 21 7 10 12 9 11 12 15 8 7 11 16 7 8 4 7 12 6 10 6 8 19 5 | 11 MIDE 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 | 3 NHAF 88 93 79 86 75 79 54 70 102 86 83 81 65 71 69 65 64 56 66 72 65 62 55 67 62 57 59 | 72 SHAF 46 56 46 40 70 61 44 56 59 54 38 39 37 42 40 41 41 36 38 38 39 43 41 40 44 39 39 | 45 BOAS 51 82 41 41 37 34 69 34 41 79 37 92 35 52 36 34 10 55 38 24 24 25 30 25 29 30 27 | 42 TEAS 78 69 50 46 85 71 44 66 82 75 77 112 83 51 47 46 49 88 93 50 69 44 50 51 33 46 40 | 63 SEAS 23 29 29 21 7 14 16 25 34 20 23 16 33 25 22 25 27 30 34 32 21 24 30 28 25 17 21 | 25 EQAS 53 10 6 3 5 18 6 12 6 15 6 6 9 4 6 5 4 6 8 2 2 4 8 1 2 2 4 | 8 AUST 4 5 6 3 8 5 3 6 5 5 1 1 4 3 5 4 2 3 3 2 6 4 12 4 3 2 4 | 5 Global 415 468 335 340 359 340 311 347 400 403 345 419 339 326 293 290 263 335 350 288 299 258 292 292 265 263 266 | 330