# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # C2H6 emissions estimates in 1E9 g C2H6 for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 81 307 126 69 34 298 177 362 242 171 132 107 139 249 171 169 348 389 457 126 366 265 282 35 531 339 2745 | 323 TENA 15 18 28 29 16 24 23 19 21 27 38 29 21 25 28 34 22 24 42 27 54 61 17 119 101 47 24 | 35 CEAM 32 257 36 84 24 32 94 24 76 41 47 41 47 30 65 25 57 22 33 39 49 33 56 49 36 29 53 | 53 NHSA 50 70 38 50 53 31 83 45 33 29 58 35 38 43 18 25 28 45 42 71 28 50 71 62 22 36 43 | 45 SHSA 469 610 558 255 251 441 355 520 636 301 767 268 148 792 212 409 197 279 376 354 378 196 412 512 399 418 369 | 404 EURO 12 13 10 32 19 8 14 11 13 12 15 13 8 8 11 18 8 7 5 9 17 7 10 6 12 22 7 | 13 MIDE 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 4 3 3 3 2 4 3 4 1 3 3 6 2 3 | 3 NHAF 688 896 729 777 659 692 625 581 716 569 622 627 548 501 573 515 544 512 530 633 528 539 428 527 473 428 414 | 588 SHAF 849 996 847 797 1065 884 931 930 977 918 868 933 930 1002 962 878 951 871 875 874 870 852 886 788 876 798 852 | 899 BOAS 302 987 333 376 335 565 981 128 210 413 186 591 211 258 351 767 297 433 358 529 389 631 764 731 1335 257 437 | 488 TEAS 168 148 92 93 103 144 114 114 106 131 137 152 134 91 75 94 61 111 137 62 105 61 76 68 50 70 58 | 103 SEAS 119 250 197 146 91 107 123 239 181 138 234 104 170 208 116 164 160 197 166 160 109 115 157 161 151 79 144 | 156 EQAS 1497 163 118 46 50 360 97 242 113 486 43 34 266 26 109 108 84 288 534 35 22 77 258 17 15 13 97 | 193 AUST 140 129 258 167 245 216 159 171 96 178 142 94 149 57 223 227 104 151 129 88 141 172 322 123 87 80 203 | 158 Global 4431 4858 3381 2929 2955 3811 3786 3396 3429 3423 3300 3040 2819 3300 2925 3442 2870 3339 3698 3017 3065 3068 3748 3207 4100 2626 5457 | 3461 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 | 0 TENA 5 6 8 12 4 9 6 6 8 10 10 8 6 6 10 10 5 6 10 9 14 24 6 27 18 14 5 | 10 CEAM 15 87 18 40 12 15 34 9 33 17 19 19 19 15 29 13 22 11 13 16 21 16 24 21 16 12 22 | 22 NHSA 34 45 28 37 35 25 44 35 25 23 37 26 29 27 15 19 21 33 29 37 21 35 41 43 17 28 30 | 31 SHSA 271 281 273 116 175 251 184 226 240 134 310 140 84 310 109 210 105 131 160 155 181 96 205 248 202 184 176 | 192 EURO 3 4 2 7 2 1 4 1 5 2 4 1 1 2 2 3 2 0 1 3 5 1 1 1 4 4 1 | 3 MIDE 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 1 1 | 1 NHAF 599 739 628 647 571 597 559 506 605 478 526 547 479 431 491 446 476 447 445 529 453 465 365 451 406 365 350 | 504 SHAF 802 940 803 747 950 780 846 830 871 818 804 846 849 908 884 809 860 794 789 783 790 768 803 710 791 721 774 | 818 BOAS 4 4 2 2 3 1 4 5 2 8 1 7 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 4 3 4 | 3 TEAS 34 30 18 18 20 43 26 29 30 32 23 21 17 29 18 20 10 25 27 13 35 15 25 15 15 19 15 | 23 SEAS 70 132 97 82 60 65 76 124 99 77 115 63 82 92 55 77 62 84 75 67 54 55 77 81 71 36 74 | 78 EQAS 135 35 18 8 10 44 18 35 13 39 13 12 20 10 13 12 11 21 40 8 6 11 24 4 4 4 11 | 22 AUST 112 107 233 149 220 177 91 159 85 137 126 86 123 51 211 213 81 132 114 76 125 155 152 72 80 74 190 | 131 Global 2091 2420 2135 1871 2069 2016 1898 1973 2022 1779 1995 1782 1720 1892 1846 1841 1661 1693 1712 1703 1713 1648 1732 1682 1640 1471 1663 | 1840 Boreal forest fires: BONA 70 285 117 61 28 286 164 354 233 163 127 102 132 237 165 158 336 368 439 118 347 251 256 32 491 329 2636 | 307 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 253 913 292 338 298 529 916 93 174 334 154 509 176 198 318 733 284 383 324 504 367 603 733 706 1298 227 406 | 447 TEAS 57 45 20 32 10 42 47 18 7 34 45 34 39 7 11 32 4 8 31 5 12 7 7 5 2 9 6 | 22 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 382 1245 430 432 337 857 1128 466 414 534 327 651 347 443 496 923 625 760 795 628 727 863 997 743 1793 567 3049 | 777 Temperate forest fires: BONA 7 7 3 1 3 2 4 1 1 3 1 1 2 5 1 2 1 4 3 2 13 9 19 0 25 3 40 | 7 TENA 5 6 14 11 5 12 9 4 5 10 20 13 6 4 9 17 11 12 22 11 30 28 4 80 73 24 10 | 17 CEAM 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 9 8 11 7 5 7 8 7 5 4 6 5 6 6 5 6 6 5 5 5 11 3 4 10 5 6 11 | 7 EURO 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 3 1 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 BOAS 5 4 5 1 2 6 1 3 1 9 2 4 3 14 2 1 0 4 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 3 | 4 TEAS 15 17 14 7 8 5 6 10 7 7 8 11 14 12 10 6 9 11 9 5 5 5 6 8 6 6 5 | 9 SEAS 7 10 20 11 8 4 10 10 9 11 8 7 14 11 6 13 10 15 7 11 6 7 9 6 14 7 9 | 10 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 22 16 15 12 14 30 60 3 2 33 13 3 14 3 3 5 15 10 5 7 5 6 154 45 1 2 4 | 19 Global 76 78 88 58 51 71 104 42 37 84 65 51 64 61 42 58 56 66 58 47 79 68 203 155 133 58 90 | 76 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 8 131 8 24 5 8 46 3 28 11 15 10 16 4 23 3 23 4 10 13 15 9 19 16 10 8 17 | 18 NHSA 12 19 6 9 12 3 35 7 4 2 16 5 4 12 1 3 5 8 9 30 4 11 26 13 2 6 8 | 11 SHSA 164 296 248 116 57 165 146 268 375 145 431 105 41 457 83 175 67 127 193 175 170 86 188 235 177 213 168 | 188 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 24 88 43 66 33 36 26 22 35 27 34 20 20 17 30 21 20 23 35 50 26 27 22 26 21 21 20 | 31 SHAF 12 12 8 19 61 58 51 57 60 59 34 57 53 61 47 38 59 50 57 61 50 50 51 47 51 47 47 | 47 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 3 4 3 1 1 0 2 6 2 1 2 1 2 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 2 SEAS 23 85 58 36 17 26 24 85 47 35 93 21 49 85 38 54 68 75 58 57 32 35 48 52 45 22 45 | 49 EQAS 660 108 73 31 18 179 45 130 47 212 20 13 110 10 45 48 40 135 237 19 11 41 114 9 7 6 47 | 90 AUST 1 2 4 2 4 4 5 3 4 3 1 2 7 0 4 4 5 5 7 2 5 7 6 2 2 2 4 | 4 Global 911 750 455 308 212 483 383 583 606 499 650 238 305 653 274 349 290 432 610 410 318 269 478 405 319 328 360 | 440 Peat fires: BONA 1 6 3 1 0 7 7 5 5 3 3 2 2 5 3 6 10 13 12 4 3 2 4 0 9 5 59 | 7 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 4 1 2 3 2 7 0 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 5 2 1 1 4 1 4 3 3 7 1 2 | 3 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 662 11 21 3 17 122 28 67 47 223 3 3 127 1 45 44 29 126 251 6 2 21 113 2 2 0 34 | 75 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 665 21 26 7 22 133 43 74 55 229 8 8 132 10 50 56 42 141 265 15 7 27 121 6 18 7 96 | 85 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 1 6 2 4 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 0 6 | 2 TENA 4 5 6 5 5 3 7 8 7 6 8 7 8 14 8 5 5 5 9 7 9 7 6 11 9 8 8 | 7 CEAM 7 35 9 18 5 7 13 10 13 11 11 9 11 9 11 6 11 6 8 8 10 7 11 10 8 7 11 | 11 NHSA 4 5 3 2 5 2 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 4 1 2 4 | 3 SHSA 22 23 24 14 12 16 16 18 15 16 18 17 15 17 13 18 17 15 17 18 14 9 13 18 15 14 13 | 17 EURO 7 7 6 22 15 5 7 9 6 8 8 11 5 5 8 12 5 6 3 5 8 4 7 4 6 14 4 | 8 MIDE 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 | 2 NHAF 65 68 58 63 55 58 40 51 75 63 61 59 48 52 50 48 47 41 48 53 48 46 40 49 45 41 43 | 53 SHAF 34 41 34 29 51 45 32 41 43 39 28 28 27 31 29 30 30 26 28 28 28 31 30 29 32 28 29 | 33 BOAS 37 60 30 30 27 25 51 25 30 58 27 68 26 38 26 24 7 41 28 17 17 18 22 18 21 22 19 | 31 TEAS 57 51 37 34 62 52 32 48 60 55 57 82 61 37 34 33 36 65 68 37 50 32 37 37 24 34 29 | 46 SEAS 17 22 21 15 5 10 12 18 25 14 17 11 24 18 16 18 20 22 25 23 15 17 22 21 18 12 15 | 18 EQAS 39 7 4 2 3 13 5 9 4 11 4 4 7 3 4 3 3 4 6 1 2 3 6 1 1 1 3 | 6 AUST 3 3 5 2 6 4 2 4 3 4 1 1 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 4 3 9 2 2 1 3 | 4 Global 304 343 246 250 263 249 228 255 293 296 253 308 249 239 215 213 193 245 256 211 219 190 214 214 194 193 195 | 242