# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # C2H6S emissions estimates in 1E7 g C2H6S for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 28 86 36 18 12 79 49 94 63 47 35 28 38 70 45 45 91 104 121 35 107 78 92 9 163 91 749 | 90 TENA 8 10 20 18 9 17 14 8 10 16 28 20 10 9 15 25 16 18 32 17 43 42 7 109 98 34 16 | 25 CEAM 6 51 8 17 4 6 17 4 14 9 9 9 8 6 13 6 11 4 6 7 10 7 11 9 7 5 10 | 11 NHSA 9 13 7 9 10 6 16 8 6 5 11 6 7 8 3 4 5 8 8 13 5 9 13 11 4 7 8 | 9 SHSA 100 125 119 57 54 92 77 108 128 62 154 57 34 159 46 85 44 58 77 73 84 41 84 109 82 87 83 | 85 EURO 3 3 2 7 3 2 4 2 3 3 4 3 2 1 3 5 2 1 1 2 6 2 2 2 4 7 2 | 4 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 NHAF 132 172 140 149 126 133 120 111 136 108 119 120 105 95 109 98 104 98 101 121 101 103 82 101 90 81 79 | 113 SHAF 166 195 165 155 207 172 182 180 190 178 170 182 181 196 188 171 185 170 171 171 170 168 173 153 171 155 166 | 176 BOAS 79 253 88 95 86 150 249 33 52 109 47 149 55 76 90 197 76 112 91 136 100 164 198 188 346 67 114 | 126 TEAS 50 47 32 26 26 34 30 32 25 33 35 40 40 29 24 26 20 31 35 16 24 16 19 20 15 20 16 | 29 SEAS 30 58 58 40 26 24 34 56 44 38 53 28 47 52 28 45 40 53 38 41 27 29 39 37 44 22 37 | 40 EQAS 283 30 22 8 9 68 18 45 21 92 8 6 50 4 20 20 15 54 101 6 4 14 49 3 2 2 18 | 37 AUST 51 42 66 46 63 74 95 37 21 70 42 21 45 14 47 50 36 40 31 25 33 40 228 73 19 18 45 | 51 Global 951 1095 771 651 642 863 913 725 721 777 722 676 630 726 638 784 652 759 821 670 720 719 1003 831 1050 603 1350 | 795 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 5 3 2 1 | 2 CEAM 3 17 3 7 2 3 6 1 6 3 3 3 3 3 5 2 4 2 2 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 4 | 4 NHSA 6 8 5 7 7 5 8 6 5 4 7 5 5 5 3 3 4 6 5 7 4 6 8 8 3 5 6 | 6 SHSA 53 55 53 22 34 49 36 44 47 26 61 27 16 61 21 41 20 25 31 30 35 19 40 48 39 36 34 | 38 EURO 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 118 145 123 127 112 117 110 99 119 94 103 107 94 85 96 87 93 88 87 104 89 91 71 88 80 71 69 | 99 SHAF 158 185 158 147 187 153 166 163 171 161 158 166 167 178 174 159 169 156 155 154 155 151 158 139 155 142 152 | 161 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 TEAS 6 5 3 3 3 8 5 5 5 6 4 4 3 5 3 4 2 4 5 2 7 2 4 3 3 3 2 | 5 SEAS 13 26 19 16 11 12 15 24 19 15 22 12 16 18 11 15 12 16 14 13 10 10 15 15 14 7 14 | 15 EQAS 26 6 3 1 2 8 3 6 2 7 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 7 1 1 2 4 0 0 0 2 | 4 AUST 22 21 46 29 43 34 18 31 16 27 24 17 24 10 41 42 16 26 22 15 24 30 29 14 15 14 37 | 26 Global 411 476 420 368 407 397 374 388 398 350 393 351 338 372 363 362 327 333 337 335 337 324 341 331 323 289 327 | 362 Boreal forest fires: BONA 18 74 30 15 7 74 42 92 60 42 33 26 34 61 43 41 87 95 114 30 90 65 66 8 127 85 684 | 80 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 65 237 75 87 77 137 238 24 45 87 40 132 45 51 82 190 73 99 84 131 95 156 190 183 337 59 105 | 116 TEAS 14 11 5 8 2 10 12 4 1 9 11 8 10 2 3 8 1 2 8 1 3 1 1 1 0 2 1 | 6 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 99 323 111 112 87 222 293 121 107 138 85 169 90 115 128 239 162 197 206 163 188 224 259 193 465 147 792 | 202 Temperate forest fires: BONA 9 10 4 1 4 3 5 1 2 3 1 1 3 7 1 2 1 6 4 3 16 11 24 1 32 4 51 | 8 TENA 6 8 17 14 7 15 11 6 7 13 25 17 7 6 11 22 14 16 29 14 38 36 5 102 93 30 13 | 22 CEAM 0 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 12 10 14 10 7 9 10 10 7 6 8 7 8 8 7 7 8 6 6 6 14 5 5 12 6 8 15 | 9 EURO 2 1 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 2 4 2 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 BOAS 7 6 7 2 3 8 2 4 1 12 2 5 4 17 2 2 1 5 2 1 2 4 3 1 3 4 4 | 5 TEAS 19 21 18 9 10 7 7 13 8 9 10 14 18 15 12 8 11 14 11 7 6 7 7 10 7 8 7 | 11 SEAS 9 13 25 15 10 5 12 13 12 14 11 9 18 15 8 17 12 19 9 14 8 9 11 8 18 9 12 | 13 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 28 20 19 16 18 38 76 4 3 41 17 4 19 4 4 7 19 13 7 9 6 7 196 57 2 2 6 | 24 Global 96 99 111 74 65 90 132 54 47 106 82 65 81 77 53 73 71 84 74 60 100 86 258 197 169 74 115 | 97 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 1 24 1 4 1 1 8 0 5 2 2 1 3 0 4 0 4 0 2 2 2 1 3 3 1 1 3 | 4 NHSA 2 3 1 1 2 0 6 1 0 0 3 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 2 5 2 0 1 1 | 2 SHSA 31 56 47 22 10 31 27 50 71 27 82 20 7 86 15 33 12 24 36 33 32 16 35 44 33 40 31 | 36 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 4 16 8 12 6 6 5 4 6 5 6 3 3 3 5 4 3 4 6 9 5 5 4 5 4 3 3 | 6 SHAF 2 2 1 3 11 11 9 10 11 11 6 10 10 11 9 7 11 9 11 11 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 | 9 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 4 16 11 6 3 5 4 16 8 6 17 4 9 16 7 10 12 14 11 10 6 6 9 10 8 4 8 | 9 EQAS 125 20 13 6 3 34 8 24 9 40 3 2 21 2 8 9 7 25 45 3 2 7 21 1 1 1 9 | 17 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 173 142 86 58 40 91 72 111 115 95 123 45 58 124 52 66 55 82 116 78 60 51 90 77 60 62 68 | 84 Peat fires: BONA 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 11 | 1 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 126 2 4 0 3 23 5 12 9 42 0 0 24 0 8 8 5 24 47 1 0 4 21 0 0 0 6 | 14 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 126 4 5 1 4 25 8 14 10 43 1 1 25 2 9 10 8 26 50 3 1 5 23 1 3 1 18 | 16 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 | 1 CEAM 1 5 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 2 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 3 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 | 2 EURO 1 1 0 3 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 9 9 8 9 7 8 5 7 10 9 8 8 6 7 7 6 6 5 6 7 6 6 5 7 6 5 6 | 8 SHAF 4 5 4 4 7 6 4 5 6 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 | 5 BOAS 5 8 4 4 3 3 7 3 4 8 3 9 3 5 3 3 1 5 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 | 4 TEAS 8 7 5 4 8 7 4 6 8 7 8 11 8 5 4 4 5 9 9 5 7 4 5 5 3 4 4 | 7 SEAS 2 3 3 2 0 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 | 3 EQAS 5 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 43 49 35 35 37 35 32 36 41 42 36 44 35 34 30 30 27 35 36 30 31 27 30 30 27 27 27 | 35