# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # C5H8 emissions estimates in 1E9 g C5H8 for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 10 40 17 10 5 40 28 41 31 22 17 13 17 31 21 26 48 59 62 19 39 27 33 4 65 39 345 | 42 TENA 3 3 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 7 5 4 7 5 5 4 4 8 5 9 9 3 18 16 8 5 | 6 CEAM 5 44 6 14 4 5 16 5 13 8 8 7 8 5 11 4 10 4 6 7 8 5 9 8 6 5 9 | 9 NHSA 6 8 4 5 6 3 10 4 3 3 7 3 4 5 1 2 3 5 4 9 3 5 9 7 2 3 5 | 5 SHSA 57 82 73 35 26 53 45 71 90 42 106 35 20 110 28 53 26 38 52 49 49 26 52 67 51 57 48 | 54 EURO 3 3 3 10 6 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 5 2 2 1 2 4 2 3 2 3 6 2 | 4 MIDE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 NHAF 67 88 69 76 62 66 54 55 73 59 63 60 52 50 55 50 51 47 53 62 51 51 42 52 47 42 42 | 58 SHAF 64 75 63 60 89 75 73 77 81 75 65 72 71 78 73 67 74 67 69 69 68 68 69 63 69 63 66 | 71 BOAS 40 110 41 46 44 61 112 21 31 57 26 77 30 43 40 82 32 53 41 59 40 66 77 74 132 31 47 | 57 TEAS 33 30 21 19 29 29 20 26 29 29 30 40 32 20 18 19 17 31 34 17 25 16 18 18 12 17 15 | 24 SEAS 16 34 28 20 10 13 15 32 26 19 32 13 26 30 18 24 26 30 26 26 16 18 24 24 22 12 20 | 23 EQAS 1433 47 58 14 40 279 67 161 104 480 14 12 272 6 98 97 66 273 536 17 7 51 246 7 6 3 78 | 166 AUST 11 10 19 12 18 17 16 12 7 15 10 6 12 4 15 15 9 11 10 7 11 12 38 13 6 5 14 | 13 Global 1755 582 413 331 350 654 472 520 501 823 396 357 557 399 395 457 376 631 911 355 338 363 631 362 444 299 702 | 533 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 | 1 CEAM 0 5 1 2 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 | 1 NHSA 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 | 2 SHSA 16 16 16 6 10 14 10 13 14 7 18 8 4 18 6 12 6 7 9 9 10 5 12 14 11 10 10 | 11 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 35 43 37 38 33 35 33 29 35 28 31 32 28 25 29 26 28 26 26 31 26 27 21 26 24 21 20 | 30 SHAF 47 55 47 44 56 46 50 49 51 48 47 50 50 53 52 47 50 46 46 46 46 45 47 41 46 42 45 | 48 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 | 1 SEAS 4 7 5 4 3 3 4 7 5 4 6 3 4 5 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 4 | 5 EQAS 8 2 1 0 0 2 1 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 AUST 6 6 13 8 13 10 5 9 5 8 7 5 7 3 12 12 4 7 6 4 7 9 8 4 4 4 11 | 8 Global 123 143 126 110 122 119 112 116 119 105 117 105 101 111 109 108 98 100 101 100 101 97 102 99 96 86 98 | 109 Boreal forest fires: BONA 5 23 9 5 2 23 13 29 19 13 10 8 11 19 13 13 28 30 36 9 29 21 21 2 41 27 220 | 26 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 21 76 24 28 25 44 76 7 14 28 12 42 14 16 26 61 23 32 27 42 30 50 61 59 108 19 34 | 37 TEAS 4 3 1 2 0 3 3 1 0 2 3 2 3 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 2 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 32 104 36 36 28 71 94 39 34 44 27 54 29 37 41 77 52 63 66 52 60 72 83 62 150 47 255 | 65 Temperate forest fires: BONA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 0 4 0 6 | 1 TENA 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 2 0 0 1 2 1 2 3 1 4 4 0 12 11 3 1 | 3 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 | 1 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 TEAS 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 | 1 SEAS 1 1 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 | 2 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 3 2 2 2 2 4 9 0 0 5 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 24 7 0 0 0 | 3 Global 11 12 13 9 8 11 16 6 5 13 10 8 10 9 6 9 8 10 9 7 12 10 32 24 21 9 14 | 12 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 1 24 1 4 1 1 8 0 5 2 2 1 3 0 4 0 4 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 1 3 | 3 NHSA 2 3 1 1 2 0 6 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 2 4 2 0 1 1 | 2 SHSA 30 54 45 21 10 30 26 49 68 26 79 19 7 83 15 32 12 23 35 32 31 15 34 43 32 39 30 | 34 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 4 16 7 12 6 6 4 4 6 4 6 3 3 3 5 3 3 4 6 9 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 | 6 SHAF 2 2 1 3 11 10 9 10 11 10 6 10 9 11 8 7 10 9 10 11 9 9 9 8 9 8 8 | 9 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 4 15 10 6 3 4 4 15 8 6 17 3 8 15 6 9 12 13 10 10 6 6 8 9 8 4 8 | 9 EQAS 120 19 13 5 3 32 8 23 8 38 3 2 20 1 8 8 7 24 43 3 2 7 20 1 1 1 8 | 16 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 166 137 83 56 38 88 70 106 111 91 119 43 55 119 50 64 53 79 111 75 58 49 87 74 58 60 66 | 81 Peat fires: BONA 2 12 6 2 1 15 14 10 11 7 6 4 5 10 7 12 19 26 24 8 7 4 8 0 18 10 115 | 14 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 2 7 3 5 6 5 13 1 3 3 2 5 3 7 2 10 5 3 2 9 2 7 6 7 13 2 4 | 6 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 1288 21 42 7 34 238 56 131 92 434 7 6 247 2 87 86 57 245 488 12 4 41 221 4 4 1 67 | 146 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 1293 42 51 14 43 259 84 144 107 445 15 17 256 20 97 108 82 275 515 30 14 53 235 12 36 14 186 | 165 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 | 1 TENA 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 5 3 2 2 2 4 3 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 | 3 CEAM 3 14 3 7 2 3 5 4 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 4 | 5 NHSA 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 | 1 SHSA 9 9 10 6 5 7 6 7 6 6 7 7 6 7 5 7 7 6 7 7 6 3 5 7 6 6 5 | 7 EURO 3 3 2 9 6 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 2 2 3 5 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 1 2 5 1 | 3 MIDE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHAF 27 28 24 26 23 24 16 21 31 26 25 24 20 21 21 20 19 17 20 22 20 19 17 20 19 17 18 | 22 SHAF 14 17 14 12 21 18 13 17 18 16 11 12 11 13 12 12 12 11 11 11 12 13 12 12 13 12 12 | 14 BOAS 15 25 12 12 11 10 21 10 12 24 11 28 10 16 11 10 3 17 11 7 7 7 9 7 9 9 8 | 13 TEAS 24 21 15 14 26 22 13 20 25 23 23 34 25 15 14 14 15 27 28 15 21 13 15 15 10 14 12 | 19 SEAS 7 9 9 6 2 4 5 7 10 6 7 4 10 7 6 7 8 9 10 9 6 7 9 8 7 5 6 | 8 EQAS 16 3 2 1 1 5 2 3 2 4 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 | 3 AUST 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 3 1 1 0 1 | 1 Global 127 143 102 104 110 104 95 106 122 123 105 128 104 100 90 89 80 102 107 88 91 79 89 89 81 80 81 | 101