# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # C7H8 emissions estimates in 1E9 g C7H8 for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 24 94 39 20 11 94 61 107 76 53 41 33 42 77 53 57 112 130 147 42 106 75 84 9 161 101 850 | 101 TENA 3 3 6 6 3 5 5 3 4 5 9 6 4 5 5 7 5 5 10 6 13 13 3 30 26 10 5 | 8 CEAM 6 67 7 17 4 6 23 4 17 9 10 8 10 5 14 4 13 4 7 8 10 7 12 11 7 6 11 | 12 NHSA 9 13 6 8 10 4 19 7 5 4 11 5 6 8 2 4 4 7 7 16 4 9 15 11 3 6 7 | 8 SHSA 100 150 132 62 46 96 81 131 171 74 201 60 30 210 48 95 43 67 95 88 90 46 98 123 94 105 89 | 98 EURO 2 2 2 6 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 4 1 | 3 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 NHAF 95 136 104 116 92 98 85 80 102 81 89 86 75 69 81 71 75 71 77 93 74 76 61 74 66 60 59 | 84 SHAF 109 127 108 104 148 125 128 130 137 129 116 129 128 139 130 118 132 120 122 123 120 118 122 109 121 111 117 | 124 BOAS 80 268 90 103 94 155 272 34 57 109 50 159 58 74 94 214 84 116 96 149 105 175 209 201 369 69 119 | 134 TEAS 37 33 20 20 21 29 25 24 21 27 30 33 30 18 15 20 13 22 29 12 20 12 14 14 9 14 11 | 22 SEAS 23 55 43 30 17 21 23 53 37 28 54 20 37 49 26 37 39 47 38 37 23 25 34 35 33 17 31 | 34 EQAS 1713 70 77 21 47 341 82 201 124 573 18 15 322 8 117 116 81 329 641 22 10 64 294 9 8 4 95 | 201 AUST 21 19 35 23 34 33 31 22 13 28 20 12 22 7 29 30 17 21 18 12 19 24 69 23 11 10 26 | 24 Global 2229 1044 676 542 537 1016 846 806 771 1129 658 577 773 679 624 783 625 948 1294 618 605 651 1023 657 918 525 1429 | 852 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 3 2 1 0 | 1 CEAM 1 10 2 4 1 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 | 3 NHSA 4 5 3 4 4 3 5 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 1 2 2 4 3 4 2 4 4 5 2 3 3 | 4 SHSA 32 34 33 14 21 30 22 27 29 16 37 16 10 37 13 25 12 15 19 18 22 11 24 30 24 22 21 | 23 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 72 89 76 78 69 72 67 61 73 57 63 66 58 52 59 54 57 54 54 64 54 56 44 54 49 44 42 | 61 SHAF 97 113 97 90 115 94 102 100 105 99 97 102 102 110 107 98 104 96 95 94 95 93 97 86 95 87 93 | 99 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 4 3 2 2 2 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 1 4 1 3 1 1 2 1 | 3 SEAS 8 16 11 9 7 7 9 15 12 9 13 7 10 11 6 9 7 10 9 8 6 6 9 9 8 4 8 | 10 EQAS 16 4 2 0 1 5 2 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 | 3 AUST 13 13 28 18 26 21 11 19 10 16 15 10 15 6 25 25 9 16 13 9 15 18 18 8 9 9 23 | 16 Global 253 293 258 226 250 244 230 239 245 215 241 216 208 229 223 223 201 205 207 206 207 199 210 203 198 178 201 | 223 Boreal forest fires: BONA 19 76 31 16 7 76 44 95 62 43 34 27 35 63 44 42 90 98 117 31 93 67 68 8 131 88 706 | 82 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 68 245 78 90 80 141 245 25 46 89 41 136 47 53 85 196 76 102 87 135 98 161 196 189 348 61 109 | 120 TEAS 15 12 5 8 2 11 12 5 1 9 12 9 10 2 3 8 1 2 8 1 3 1 1 1 0 2 1 | 6 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 102 333 115 115 90 230 302 125 111 143 87 174 93 118 133 247 167 203 213 168 195 231 267 199 480 152 817 | 208 Temperate forest fires: BONA 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 2 5 0 7 1 12 | 2 TENA 1 2 4 3 1 3 2 1 1 3 6 4 1 1 2 5 3 3 6 3 9 8 1 24 22 7 3 | 5 CEAM 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 3 | 2 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1 TEAS 4 5 4 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 | 3 SEAS 2 3 6 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 2 2 4 3 1 4 3 4 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 2 2 | 3 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 6 4 4 3 4 9 18 1 0 9 4 0 4 1 1 1 4 3 1 2 1 1 46 13 0 0 1 | 6 Global 23 23 26 17 15 21 31 12 11 25 19 15 19 18 12 17 17 19 17 14 23 20 61 46 40 17 27 | 23 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 3 48 3 8 2 3 16 1 10 4 5 3 6 1 8 1 8 1 3 4 5 3 7 6 3 3 6 | 7 NHSA 4 7 2 3 4 1 12 2 1 0 5 2 1 4 0 1 1 3 3 11 1 4 9 5 1 2 3 | 4 SHSA 60 108 91 42 21 60 53 98 137 53 158 38 15 167 30 64 24 46 70 64 62 31 69 86 64 78 61 | 69 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 9 32 15 24 12 13 9 8 13 9 12 7 7 6 11 7 7 8 12 18 9 9 8 9 7 7 7 | 11 SHAF 4 4 3 7 22 21 18 21 22 21 12 20 19 22 17 14 21 18 21 22 18 18 18 17 18 17 17 | 17 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 8 31 21 13 6 9 9 31 17 13 34 7 17 31 13 19 24 27 21 20 12 13 17 19 16 8 16 | 18 EQAS 241 39 26 11 6 65 16 47 17 77 7 5 40 3 16 17 14 49 86 6 4 15 41 3 2 2 17 | 33 AUST 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 | 1 Global 333 274 166 113 77 177 140 213 222 182 238 87 111 239 100 128 106 158 223 150 116 98 175 148 117 120 132 | 161 Peat fires: BONA 3 14 6 2 2 16 15 11 12 8 7 5 5 11 7 13 22 29 27 9 8 4 9 0 20 12 129 | 16 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 2 8 3 5 7 6 15 2 4 3 2 6 4 8 2 11 6 3 2 10 2 8 6 8 15 2 4 | 6 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 1447 24 47 7 38 267 63 147 103 488 8 7 278 2 98 96 64 275 548 14 4 46 248 5 4 1 75 | 164 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 1453 47 57 16 48 290 94 161 120 500 17 19 288 23 109 122 92 309 578 34 16 60 264 13 40 16 209 | 186 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 0 TENA 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 | 2 CEAM 1 7 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 | 2 NHSA 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1 SHSA 4 4 5 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 3 2 | 3 EURO 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 13 14 12 13 11 12 8 10 15 13 12 12 10 10 10 10 9 8 10 11 10 9 8 10 9 8 9 | 11 SHAF 7 8 7 6 10 9 6 8 9 8 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 | 7 BOAS 7 12 6 6 5 5 10 5 6 12 5 14 5 8 5 5 1 8 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 | 6 TEAS 12 10 7 7 13 11 6 10 12 11 11 17 12 7 7 7 7 13 14 7 10 6 7 7 5 7 6 | 10 SEAS 3 4 4 3 1 2 2 3 5 3 3 2 5 3 3 3 4 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 3 | 4 EQAS 8 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 AUST 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 63 71 51 52 55 52 47 53 61 61 52 64 52 50 45 44 40 51 53 44 45 39 44 44 40 40 40 | 51