# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # C8H10 emissions estimates in 1E8 g C8H10 for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 90 322 133 72 39 307 186 369 248 178 136 110 145 259 176 176 357 405 471 133 385 278 307 37 567 348 2835 | 336 TENA 18 22 38 33 19 31 30 21 23 32 54 39 24 29 32 46 31 34 61 34 78 74 18 186 167 64 34 | 47 CEAM 27 273 31 72 19 26 95 21 70 38 44 36 44 23 60 19 56 17 30 36 44 29 51 44 31 26 48 | 49 NHSA 31 46 20 26 34 13 69 22 17 12 39 18 19 29 6 12 15 25 25 59 14 30 55 36 10 19 24 | 27 SHSA 361 566 498 239 153 346 303 502 663 284 771 226 115 810 181 351 162 255 366 338 344 174 362 461 346 401 338 | 368 EURO 13 13 11 34 21 9 15 13 12 13 15 16 9 8 14 20 8 9 6 8 18 8 12 8 13 26 8 | 14 MIDE 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 | 3 NHAF 246 379 273 319 241 256 209 206 277 223 242 221 193 184 215 188 191 182 210 257 197 198 163 198 176 162 160 | 222 SHAF 233 274 228 227 364 313 301 318 335 316 262 304 298 329 299 270 314 281 293 298 284 285 290 262 289 264 276 | 290 BOAS 317 1011 347 386 347 582 1001 135 219 434 196 612 221 284 360 780 302 449 368 539 397 643 777 741 1351 265 446 | 501 TEAS 174 158 104 96 112 131 110 118 106 129 143 169 152 93 81 94 72 120 143 67 96 64 72 74 51 71 60 | 106 SEAS 88 210 180 118 63 77 90 203 145 113 208 77 154 199 104 151 165 194 153 156 95 104 138 139 139 73 125 | 136 EQAS 2127 203 157 60 62 494 125 326 156 698 46 35 382 25 149 150 114 415 773 43 25 103 366 21 17 14 134 | 268 AUST 77 64 93 65 92 112 155 52 34 107 58 30 72 21 63 68 60 61 50 38 52 61 372 116 28 25 61 | 78 Global 3810 3552 2122 1756 1577 2706 2700 2315 2316 2588 2224 1908 1838 2303 1751 2335 1856 2457 2961 2016 2037 2058 2989 2332 3195 1766 4560 | 2446 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 5 1 5 3 3 1 | 2 CEAM 3 18 3 8 2 3 7 2 7 3 4 4 4 3 6 2 4 2 2 3 4 3 5 4 3 2 4 | 5 NHSA 7 9 6 8 7 5 9 7 5 4 8 5 6 5 3 4 4 7 6 7 4 7 8 9 3 5 6 | 7 SHSA 57 59 58 24 37 53 39 48 50 28 65 29 17 65 23 44 22 27 34 33 38 20 43 52 42 39 37 | 41 EURO 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 0 NHAF 127 156 133 137 121 126 118 107 128 101 111 116 101 91 104 94 101 94 94 112 96 98 77 95 86 77 74 | 107 SHAF 170 199 170 158 201 165 179 176 184 173 170 179 180 192 187 171 182 168 167 166 167 162 170 150 167 153 164 | 174 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 TEAS 7 6 3 3 4 9 5 6 6 6 5 4 3 6 3 4 2 5 5 2 7 3 5 3 3 4 3 | 5 SEAS 15 28 20 17 12 13 16 26 21 16 24 13 17 19 11 16 13 17 16 14 11 11 16 17 15 7 15 | 17 EQAS 28 7 3 1 2 9 3 7 2 8 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 8 1 1 2 5 0 0 0 2 | 5 AUST 23 22 49 31 46 37 19 33 18 29 26 18 26 10 44 45 17 28 24 16 26 32 32 15 17 15 40 | 28 Global 443 513 452 397 438 427 402 418 428 377 423 378 364 401 391 390 352 359 363 361 363 349 367 356 347 312 352 | 390 Boreal forest fires: BONA 71 287 118 61 28 287 165 356 234 164 128 103 133 238 166 159 338 370 441 118 349 253 257 32 494 331 2650 | 309 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 255 918 294 340 300 532 921 93 175 336 155 512 177 199 320 737 286 385 326 507 369 606 738 709 1306 229 409 | 450 TEAS 57 45 20 32 10 42 47 19 7 35 45 34 39 7 11 32 4 8 31 5 12 7 7 5 2 9 6 | 22 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 384 1251 432 434 339 862 1134 469 416 536 329 654 349 445 498 928 629 764 799 631 731 868 1003 748 1803 570 3066 | 781 Temperate forest fires: BONA 14 16 7 2 7 5 9 2 3 6 2 2 5 11 2 4 2 9 7 5 27 19 40 1 53 7 84 | 14 TENA 11 13 29 24 11 25 19 9 12 22 41 28 12 9 19 36 23 26 47 23 63 59 9 166 151 49 22 | 36 CEAM 0 7 3 3 0 1 0 0 1 2 2 4 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 | 2 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 20 17 23 16 11 15 17 16 11 9 13 12 13 14 11 12 13 10 11 10 23 8 9 20 10 14 24 | 15 EURO 3 3 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 6 1 2 2 3 7 3 | 3 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 0 0 1 0 1 | 2 BOAS 12 9 11 3 6 13 3 6 3 20 4 8 7 29 4 3 1 9 4 2 3 6 5 2 6 6 7 | 8 TEAS 31 35 29 14 17 12 12 21 14 16 16 24 29 25 21 13 18 23 19 12 10 11 12 17 12 14 11 | 19 SEAS 14 21 41 24 17 8 20 21 20 23 17 16 29 24 13 28 20 31 15 23 13 15 18 13 30 14 19 | 21 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 46 33 31 26 30 62 124 7 5 68 28 6 30 6 7 11 31 21 12 14 10 12 318 94 3 4 10 | 39 Global 157 160 181 121 105 147 215 88 76 173 134 106 133 126 87 120 116 136 120 97 163 141 420 321 276 121 187 | 157 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 13 203 12 37 8 13 71 5 44 18 23 16 25 6 36 5 36 6 16 20 23 14 29 25 16 13 27 | 29 NHSA 18 30 10 15 19 5 54 11 7 3 25 8 7 19 1 5 7 13 14 47 7 18 40 21 4 10 12 | 16 SHSA 255 459 385 180 89 256 226 415 581 225 668 163 64 708 129 271 104 198 300 271 264 134 292 364 274 330 260 | 292 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 38 136 67 102 51 56 40 34 55 42 53 31 31 27 47 32 31 36 54 78 41 42 34 41 33 32 31 | 48 SHAF 19 19 13 30 95 90 79 89 93 92 53 88 82 95 74 59 92 78 89 95 78 77 80 74 79 73 74 | 73 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 5 7 4 2 1 0 4 10 3 1 4 2 3 6 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 | 3 SEAS 37 132 91 56 26 41 38 132 73 55 144 33 76 131 58 83 105 116 90 88 50 55 75 81 70 35 70 | 76 EQAS 1022 168 113 49 27 277 70 202 74 328 32 21 171 16 70 74 62 209 367 29 18 63 177 14 11 10 73 | 139 AUST 2 3 6 3 7 6 8 4 6 5 1 4 11 0 6 6 8 8 11 4 8 11 9 3 4 3 6 | 6 Global 1411 1162 705 478 328 749 594 904 939 774 1007 369 473 1012 425 541 449 669 945 636 493 418 741 627 495 508 559 | 682 Peat fires: BONA 2 9 4 2 1 12 11 8 9 6 5 3 4 8 5 9 15 21 19 6 6 3 6 0 14 8 92 | 11 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 6 2 4 5 4 10 1 2 2 1 4 3 6 2 8 4 2 1 7 1 6 4 5 11 1 3 | 4 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 1027 17 33 5 27 190 44 104 73 346 5 5 197 2 69 68 45 195 389 10 3 33 176 3 3 1 53 | 116 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 1031 33 41 11 34 206 66 114 85 355 12 13 204 16 77 86 65 219 410 24 11 43 187 9 28 11 148 | 132 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 2 8 2 6 2 2 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 0 7 | 3 TENA 5 6 7 6 7 3 9 10 8 8 10 8 10 17 10 7 6 7 12 9 12 9 7 13 11 11 10 | 9 CEAM 9 44 11 23 7 9 16 13 17 14 13 11 14 12 14 8 13 7 11 11 13 9 13 13 10 8 14 | 14 NHSA 5 6 4 3 6 3 5 4 3 4 5 3 6 4 1 3 3 4 4 4 2 4 5 6 1 3 5 | 4 SHSA 28 29 30 18 15 21 20 22 19 20 23 21 19 21 16 22 21 19 21 23 18 11 16 23 19 18 16 | 21 EURO 9 9 8 28 19 6 9 11 8 10 11 14 7 7 10 15 6 7 4 6 11 6 9 5 8 17 5 | 10 MIDE 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 | 3 NHAF 81 86 73 79 69 73 50 64 94 79 77 74 60 65 63 60 59 51 61 66 60 57 51 61 57 52 55 | 66 SHAF 42 51 42 37 65 56 40 52 55 49 35 36 34 39 36 37 38 33 35 35 36 39 38 37 40 36 36 | 42 BOAS 46 75 38 38 34 31 64 31 37 73 34 85 32 48 33 31 9 51 35 22 22 23 28 23 27 27 25 | 38 TEAS 72 64 46 42 78 66 40 61 75 69 71 103 76 47 43 42 45 81 85 46 63 40 46 46 30 43 37 | 58 SEAS 21 27 27 19 7 13 15 23 31 18 21 14 30 23 20 23 25 27 31 29 19 22 27 26 23 16 19 | 23 EQAS 48 9 6 3 4 17 6 11 6 14 5 6 8 3 6 5 3 5 8 2 2 4 7 1 2 1 4 | 8 AUST 4 4 6 3 7 5 3 6 4 5 1 1 3 3 5 4 2 3 3 2 6 4 11 3 3 2 4 | 4 Global 381 430 308 313 330 312 286 319 367 371 317 386 312 300 270 267 242 308 321 265 274 238 268 268 243 241 245 | 304