# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # CH2O emissions estimates in 1E9 g CH2O for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 105 352 145 82 48 326 201 386 262 189 145 117 156 278 186 189 376 432 498 143 417 301 344 42 624 366 3009 | 360 TENA 35 42 70 64 37 57 55 41 45 62 97 71 46 55 61 83 55 62 109 64 139 140 36 324 285 116 61 | 86 CEAM 57 509 66 150 41 56 181 44 140 78 88 75 88 51 120 43 109 38 61 72 89 60 103 90 65 53 98 | 98 NHSA 77 110 55 72 82 42 144 63 47 39 92 49 54 68 23 36 41 66 63 123 39 76 119 92 30 52 64 | 68 SHSA 786 1116 1003 472 381 744 626 971 1234 557 1460 470 252 1520 374 720 343 508 706 658 687 352 732 924 707 778 674 | 732 EURO 26 27 21 66 41 17 30 25 25 26 30 30 18 17 26 39 17 17 12 17 36 15 22 15 26 50 16 | 27 MIDE 3 8 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 7 4 8 8 7 6 6 6 9 6 7 3 6 6 10 4 6 | 6 NHAF 871 1190 934 1023 838 884 774 733 928 740 807 790 689 640 734 655 685 646 691 831 676 686 552 677 606 550 537 | 755 SHAF 998 1171 991 944 1323 1110 1138 1154 1215 1142 1042 1142 1134 1230 1163 1060 1168 1063 1080 1084 1067 1052 1087 971 1076 981 1042 | 1098 BOAS 376 1116 399 435 393 637 1094 174 261 526 234 712 263 353 404 837 323 513 413 579 432 690 832 789 1428 304 490 | 556 TEAS 288 266 180 160 207 233 179 215 207 227 238 292 252 178 147 158 131 225 252 125 188 119 142 138 99 134 113 | 189 SEAS 199 440 367 256 149 175 206 423 314 243 422 175 315 391 213 305 314 378 308 306 197 212 284 288 282 149 259 | 281 EQAS 3154 344 252 99 99 759 198 511 236 1028 84 65 560 48 226 227 175 613 1132 72 44 163 544 35 31 26 205 | 405 AUST 211 186 331 219 318 317 320 207 122 279 191 116 211 74 265 274 159 201 168 120 181 218 717 243 107 99 246 | 226 Global 7192 6885 4825 4053 3972 5370 5160 4961 5049 5149 4943 4122 4053 4918 3959 4640 3909 4777 5510 4210 4205 4094 5524 4640 5382 3668 6827 | 4889 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 | 0 TENA 6 7 9 13 5 10 7 6 9 11 11 9 7 6 11 11 6 7 11 10 16 27 7 30 20 16 6 | 11 CEAM 17 96 19 44 13 17 38 10 36 19 21 21 21 17 32 14 24 13 15 18 24 17 27 23 18 14 25 | 25 NHSA 37 49 31 41 39 28 49 38 28 25 41 29 32 30 17 21 23 36 32 41 23 39 45 48 19 31 34 | 34 SHSA 300 311 302 129 194 278 203 250 265 148 343 154 93 343 120 232 117 145 177 172 200 107 227 275 223 203 195 | 212 EURO 3 5 2 8 2 1 5 2 5 2 5 1 1 2 2 4 2 0 1 3 5 1 1 1 4 5 1 | 3 MIDE 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 5 1 1 | 1 NHAF 662 818 694 715 631 661 618 560 669 529 582 605 530 477 543 493 527 495 493 585 501 515 404 499 449 403 387 | 558 SHAF 887 1040 889 826 1051 863 936 918 964 904 889 936 939 1004 978 895 951 878 872 866 874 849 889 785 875 798 857 | 905 BOAS 4 4 3 3 3 1 5 6 3 9 1 7 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 4 4 5 | 4 TEAS 38 33 20 20 22 47 28 33 33 35 26 23 19 33 20 22 11 27 30 15 39 16 27 17 17 21 16 | 26 SEAS 78 146 107 91 66 72 84 138 110 85 127 70 91 102 61 86 68 93 83 74 59 61 85 89 79 40 81 | 87 EQAS 149 39 20 8 11 49 20 39 14 43 15 13 22 12 14 13 12 24 44 9 6 12 26 4 5 5 13 | 24 AUST 124 118 258 165 243 196 101 176 94 151 139 96 137 57 234 236 90 146 126 84 138 171 168 80 89 82 211 | 145 Global 2312 2676 2362 2070 2288 2229 2100 2182 2236 1968 2207 1971 1902 2092 2042 2036 1837 1873 1894 1884 1895 1823 1916 1860 1814 1627 1840 | 2035 Boreal forest fires: BONA 73 296 122 63 29 297 171 368 242 170 132 106 137 246 172 164 349 383 456 122 360 261 266 33 511 342 2739 | 319 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 263 949 303 351 310 549 952 97 181 348 160 529 183 206 331 761 295 398 337 524 381 626 762 733 1349 236 422 | 465 TEAS 59 47 20 33 11 43 49 19 7 36 47 35 40 8 12 33 4 8 32 5 13 7 7 5 2 10 6 | 23 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 397 1293 446 448 350 891 1172 485 430 554 340 676 361 460 515 959 649 790 826 652 755 897 1036 772 1863 589 3168 | 807 Temperate forest fires: BONA 23 26 12 4 12 9 14 3 5 10 4 3 9 19 4 6 4 15 12 9 43 31 64 2 86 11 135 | 22 TENA 17 22 46 38 19 40 31 15 19 36 66 45 20 15 31 59 38 42 75 37 101 95 14 267 244 79 36 | 58 CEAM 1 11 5 4 0 1 1 0 1 4 3 7 0 2 4 4 2 0 0 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 | 3 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 32 27 38 26 18 24 28 26 18 16 22 19 21 22 19 20 21 16 18 17 37 13 15 33 16 22 39 | 23 EURO 5 5 4 6 2 3 7 2 4 4 4 3 2 1 4 7 2 2 2 2 10 2 3 4 6 12 5 | 5 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 2 5 2 1 3 1 3 0 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 7 1 1 1 1 2 | 2 BOAS 19 15 19 5 9 22 6 10 4 33 7 14 12 46 7 5 3 15 6 4 5 10 8 4 10 10 12 | 12 TEAS 51 56 47 23 27 19 20 34 23 25 26 38 47 40 33 22 30 37 31 19 17 18 20 27 20 22 18 | 30 SEAS 24 34 66 39 27 13 33 34 32 37 28 25 47 39 21 45 33 51 24 37 21 24 30 22 49 23 31 | 33 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 74 53 50 42 49 100 199 12 8 109 46 10 49 11 11 18 50 34 19 24 17 20 512 151 5 7 16 | 63 Global 253 258 292 194 170 237 346 141 123 278 215 171 214 203 139 193 187 219 193 157 262 227 675 516 443 194 301 | 252 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 20 319 20 58 13 20 112 8 69 28 36 25 40 9 57 8 57 10 26 31 37 22 47 40 25 20 43 | 45 NHSA 29 48 16 23 31 7 86 17 12 6 39 13 11 30 2 8 12 20 22 75 11 29 64 33 7 15 20 | 26 SHSA 401 722 606 283 140 404 356 653 915 355 1051 257 101 1114 203 426 164 311 471 426 415 210 459 572 431 519 409 | 459 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 59 214 105 161 80 89 64 54 86 66 83 48 48 42 74 51 49 56 86 123 64 66 54 65 52 51 49 | 76 SHAF 30 31 21 48 150 141 124 140 147 145 84 138 130 150 116 93 145 123 141 149 123 122 126 116 125 116 116 | 115 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 7 11 7 4 2 1 6 16 5 2 7 4 5 10 0 2 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 | 4 SEAS 58 209 143 89 41 65 59 207 114 86 227 52 119 207 92 132 165 183 142 139 80 86 118 128 110 55 110 | 120 EQAS 1608 265 178 77 43 436 110 317 116 517 50 34 269 26 111 117 97 330 577 46 28 100 278 23 18 15 116 | 219 AUST 4 5 10 5 11 10 13 7 9 8 2 6 18 0 10 10 13 13 17 7 13 17 14 5 6 4 10 | 10 Global 2220 1827 1109 752 516 1178 934 1422 1478 1217 1584 581 745 1592 669 852 707 1052 1486 1000 775 657 1166 987 779 800 879 | 1073 Peat fires: BONA 2 12 6 2 1 15 14 10 11 7 6 4 5 10 7 12 19 26 25 8 7 4 8 0 18 11 117 | 14 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 2 7 3 5 7 5 13 1 3 3 2 5 3 8 2 10 5 3 2 9 2 7 6 7 14 2 4 | 6 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 1307 22 42 7 34 241 57 133 93 441 7 6 251 2 88 87 58 249 495 12 4 42 224 4 4 1 68 | 148 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 1312 42 52 14 43 262 85 146 109 452 16 17 260 21 98 110 83 279 522 31 14 54 239 12 36 14 189 | 168 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 4 15 4 11 5 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 4 2 2 5 2 5 4 2 4 4 4 5 7 1 14 | 5 TENA 10 12 13 12 12 7 17 18 16 14 19 16 18 32 19 13 11 12 21 16 22 17 13 25 21 20 19 | 17 CEAM 18 81 20 42 13 17 30 25 31 25 25 21 26 22 26 14 25 14 20 20 24 16 25 24 19 16 26 | 25 NHSA 9 11 7 6 11 6 9 7 7 7 10 7 11 8 3 5 5 8 8 7 4 7 10 11 3 5 9 | 8 SHSA 52 54 56 33 28 38 37 41 34 37 42 38 35 39 30 41 40 34 39 42 34 21 29 43 34 33 29 | 38 EURO 16 17 14 51 36 11 17 21 15 18 20 25 13 13 19 27 12 14 7 11 20 11 17 10 14 32 9 | 19 MIDE 2 6 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 3 7 6 6 4 5 4 7 5 5 3 4 4 4 2 4 | 5 NHAF 148 157 133 145 126 133 91 118 172 144 140 136 110 120 116 110 108 94 111 121 109 105 93 112 104 95 100 | 121 SHAF 77 94 78 67 118 103 74 95 100 90 65 65 62 71 67 69 69 60 64 64 66 72 70 67 74 66 66 | 76 BOAS 85 138 70 69 63 57 117 57 68 133 62 155 59 88 60 57 17 93 64 40 40 42 51 42 49 50 45 | 70 TEAS 131 117 84 77 143 120 74 111 137 126 130 189 139 85 79 77 83 148 156 84 116 74 84 85 56 78 68 | 106 SEAS 39 50 49 36 13 23 28 43 57 34 39 26 55 42 37 42 46 50 57 54 35 40 50 48 43 29 35 | 41 EQAS 89 18 11 6 8 31 11 21 11 26 10 11 16 6 11 9 7 10 14 4 4 7 13 3 3 3 8 | 14 AUST 7 8 11 6 13 9 6 10 8 9 2 3 6 5 10 7 4 6 5 4 11 8 21 6 5 4 7 | 8 Global 696 786 562 571 602 570 522 583 671 677 579 704 570 547 492 487 442 562 587 483 501 434 490 490 444 441 447 | 554