# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # CH3COCHO emissions estimates in 1E9 g CH3COCHO for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 40 138 57 32 18 129 80 152 104 75 57 46 61 109 73 75 150 172 198 57 162 117 133 16 243 145 1191 | 142 TENA 16 19 30 31 16 26 24 18 22 29 41 31 21 23 29 36 23 26 45 29 59 66 17 133 113 51 25 | 37 CEAM 32 264 37 85 24 32 96 22 77 42 47 41 47 30 67 25 58 22 33 39 49 34 57 49 36 29 54 | 53 NHSA 53 74 41 54 56 34 88 48 36 31 62 37 40 45 19 27 30 48 44 75 30 54 76 66 23 39 46 | 48 SHSA 499 645 591 269 269 470 377 549 670 317 810 283 156 835 224 434 208 295 396 373 401 208 437 543 423 442 392 | 427 EURO 11 13 9 28 16 7 14 10 12 10 14 11 7 7 10 16 7 6 5 8 16 6 8 6 12 20 7 | 11 MIDE 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 7 2 3 | 3 NHAF 740 964 786 835 710 745 677 625 766 608 667 674 589 537 616 554 586 552 568 680 567 580 459 566 508 459 443 | 632 SHAF 928 1088 926 871 1157 960 1016 1011 1062 998 949 1018 1017 1094 1051 959 1038 952 955 953 950 929 967 859 955 870 930 | 981 BOAS 146 435 155 170 154 248 429 69 101 205 90 278 103 136 157 328 127 199 161 227 169 271 326 310 562 119 193 | 218 TEAS 128 117 77 71 87 114 84 99 94 104 103 119 103 85 65 72 53 97 109 54 92 52 68 60 46 61 51 | 84 SEAS 124 264 208 155 98 113 131 253 189 146 247 110 178 218 121 172 166 206 172 166 113 120 164 168 158 82 151 | 163 EQAS 1541 168 122 47 51 370 100 250 116 500 44 35 273 27 112 111 86 297 551 36 22 79 266 18 16 13 100 | 199 AUST 155 142 284 184 270 239 178 188 105 197 157 103 164 63 246 250 115 166 142 97 154 189 361 137 96 88 224 | 174 Global 4422 4344 3332 2840 2937 3497 3303 3303 3365 3271 3296 2798 2769 3220 2800 3069 2656 3047 3391 2803 2794 2713 3348 2939 3204 2427 3816 | 3175 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 | 0 TENA 6 7 9 13 5 10 7 6 9 11 11 9 7 6 11 11 6 7 11 10 16 27 7 30 20 16 6 | 11 CEAM 17 96 19 44 13 17 38 10 36 19 21 21 21 17 32 14 24 13 15 18 24 17 27 23 18 14 25 | 25 NHSA 37 49 31 41 39 28 49 38 28 25 41 29 32 30 17 21 23 36 32 41 23 39 45 48 19 31 34 | 34 SHSA 300 311 302 129 194 278 203 250 265 148 343 154 93 343 120 232 117 145 177 172 200 107 227 275 223 203 195 | 212 EURO 3 5 2 8 2 1 5 2 5 2 5 1 1 2 2 4 2 0 1 3 5 1 1 1 4 5 1 | 3 MIDE 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 5 1 1 | 1 NHAF 662 818 694 715 631 661 618 560 669 529 582 605 530 477 543 493 527 495 493 585 501 515 404 499 449 403 387 | 558 SHAF 887 1040 889 826 1051 863 936 918 964 904 889 936 939 1004 978 895 951 878 872 866 874 849 889 785 875 798 857 | 905 BOAS 4 4 3 3 3 1 5 6 3 9 1 7 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 4 4 5 | 4 TEAS 38 33 20 20 22 47 28 33 33 35 26 23 19 33 20 22 11 27 30 15 39 16 27 17 17 21 16 | 26 SEAS 78 146 107 91 66 72 84 138 110 85 127 70 91 102 61 86 68 93 83 74 59 61 85 89 79 40 81 | 87 EQAS 149 39 20 8 11 49 20 39 14 43 15 13 22 12 14 13 12 24 44 9 6 12 26 4 5 5 13 | 24 AUST 124 118 258 165 243 196 101 176 94 151 139 96 137 57 234 236 90 146 126 84 138 171 168 80 89 82 211 | 145 Global 2312 2676 2362 2070 2288 2229 2100 2182 2236 1968 2207 1971 1902 2092 2042 2036 1837 1873 1894 1884 1895 1823 1916 1860 1814 1627 1840 | 2035 Boreal forest fires: BONA 28 116 47 24 11 116 67 144 95 66 51 41 53 96 67 64 137 150 179 48 141 102 104 13 200 134 1075 | 125 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 103 372 119 138 121 215 373 38 71 136 63 207 71 81 129 298 116 156 132 205 149 246 299 287 529 92 165 | 182 TEAS 23 18 8 13 4 17 19 7 2 14 18 14 15 3 4 13 1 3 12 2 5 3 2 2 0 3 2 | 9 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 155 507 175 176 137 349 460 190 169 217 133 265 141 180 202 376 255 310 324 256 296 352 406 303 731 231 1243 | 317 Temperate forest fires: BONA 8 9 4 1 4 3 5 1 1 3 1 1 3 6 1 2 1 5 4 3 15 10 22 0 30 4 47 | 8 TENA 6 7 16 13 6 14 10 5 6 12 23 15 7 5 10 20 13 14 26 13 35 33 5 93 85 27 12 | 20 CEAM 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 11 9 13 9 6 8 9 9 6 5 7 6 7 7 6 7 7 5 6 6 13 4 5 11 5 7 13 | 8 EURO 2 1 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 2 4 1 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 BOAS 6 5 6 1 3 7 2 3 1 11 2 5 4 16 2 2 1 5 2 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 4 | 4 TEAS 17 19 16 8 9 6 7 12 8 9 9 13 16 14 11 7 10 13 10 6 6 6 7 9 7 7 6 | 10 SEAS 8 11 23 13 9 4 11 12 11 13 10 9 16 13 7 15 11 17 8 13 7 8 10 7 17 8 11 | 12 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 26 18 17 14 17 35 69 4 3 38 16 3 17 3 3 6 17 12 6 8 6 7 179 52 2 2 5 | 22 Global 88 90 102 68 59 83 120 49 43 97 75 59 74 71 48 67 65 76 67 55 91 79 235 180 154 67 105 | 88 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 8 134 8 24 5 8 47 3 29 12 15 10 16 4 24 3 24 4 11 13 15 9 19 17 10 8 18 | 19 NHSA 12 20 6 10 13 3 36 7 5 2 16 5 4 12 1 3 5 8 9 31 4 12 27 14 3 6 8 | 11 SHSA 169 304 255 119 59 170 150 275 386 149 443 108 42 470 86 179 69 131 199 180 175 88 194 241 182 219 172 | 194 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 25 90 44 68 34 37 27 22 36 28 35 20 20 18 31 21 20 24 36 52 27 27 23 27 22 21 20 | 32 SHAF 12 13 9 20 63 59 52 59 62 61 35 58 55 63 49 39 61 51 59 63 52 51 53 49 52 48 49 | 48 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 3 4 3 1 1 0 2 6 2 1 3 1 2 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 | 2 SEAS 24 88 60 37 17 27 25 87 48 36 96 22 50 87 39 55 69 77 60 58 33 36 50 54 46 23 46 | 50 EQAS 678 111 75 32 18 184 46 134 49 218 21 14 113 11 47 49 41 139 243 19 12 42 117 9 7 6 49 | 92 AUST 1 2 4 2 4 4 5 3 4 3 1 2 7 0 4 4 5 5 7 3 5 7 6 2 2 2 4 | 4 Global 936 771 468 317 218 497 394 600 623 513 668 245 314 672 282 359 298 444 627 422 327 277 492 416 328 337 371 | 453 Peat fires: BONA 1 6 3 1 0 8 7 5 5 4 3 2 2 5 3 6 10 13 13 4 4 2 4 0 9 5 61 | 7 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 4 1 2 3 2 7 0 1 1 1 3 2 4 1 5 2 1 1 4 1 4 3 3 7 1 2 | 3 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 681 11 22 3 18 126 29 69 48 229 3 3 131 1 46 45 30 129 258 6 2 22 117 2 2 0 35 | 77 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 684 22 27 7 22 137 44 76 56 235 8 9 135 11 51 57 43 145 272 16 7 28 124 6 19 7 98 | 87 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 1 5 1 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 4 | 2 TENA 3 4 4 4 4 2 5 6 5 5 6 5 6 11 6 4 4 4 7 5 7 6 4 8 7 7 6 | 6 CEAM 6 28 7 14 4 6 10 8 11 8 8 7 9 7 9 5 8 5 7 7 8 5 8 8 6 5 9 | 9 NHSA 3 4 2 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 3 | 3 SHSA 18 19 19 11 9 13 13 14 12 13 15 13 12 13 10 14 14 12 13 14 12 7 10 15 12 11 10 | 13 EURO 5 6 5 18 12 4 6 7 5 6 7 8 4 4 6 9 4 5 2 4 7 3 6 3 5 11 3 | 7 MIDE 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 | 2 NHAF 52 55 46 50 44 46 32 41 60 50 49 47 38 42 40 38 38 33 39 42 38 37 32 39 36 33 35 | 42 SHAF 27 33 27 23 41 36 26 33 35 31 22 23 22 25 23 24 24 21 22 22 23 25 24 23 26 23 23 | 27 BOAS 30 48 24 24 22 20 41 20 24 46 22 54 20 31 21 20 6 32 22 14 14 14 18 14 17 17 16 | 25 TEAS 46 41 29 27 50 42 26 39 48 44 45 66 49 30 28 27 29 52 54 29 40 26 29 30 19 27 23 | 37 SEAS 13 17 17 12 4 8 9 15 20 11 13 9 19 14 13 14 16 17 20 19 12 14 17 16 15 10 12 | 14 EQAS 31 6 3 2 3 11 4 7 3 9 3 3 5 2 3 3 2 3 5 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 | 5 AUST 2 2 4 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 0 1 2 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 4 2 7 2 2 1 2 | 3 Global 244 275 197 200 211 200 183 204 235 237 203 247 200 192 173 171 155 197 206 169 176 152 172 172 156 154 157 | 194