# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # CO2 emissions estimates in 1E13 g CO2 for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 8 28 11 6 3 26 16 31 21 15 11 9 12 22 15 15 30 35 40 11 33 24 27 3 50 29 246 | 29 TENA 3 4 6 7 3 6 5 4 5 6 9 7 4 5 6 8 5 5 10 6 13 15 3 30 25 11 5 | 8 CEAM 7 59 8 19 5 7 21 5 17 9 10 9 10 6 15 5 13 5 7 9 11 7 12 11 8 6 12 | 12 NHSA 12 17 9 12 13 7 20 11 8 7 14 8 9 10 4 6 7 11 10 17 6 12 17 15 5 9 10 | 11 SHSA 114 146 134 61 61 107 86 125 152 72 184 64 35 189 51 98 47 67 90 84 91 47 99 123 96 100 89 | 97 EURO 2 2 2 6 3 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 1 | 3 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 NHAF 170 221 180 191 163 171 155 143 175 139 153 154 135 123 141 127 134 126 130 156 130 133 105 130 116 105 101 | 145 SHAF 214 250 213 200 266 220 233 232 244 229 218 234 234 252 242 221 239 219 220 219 218 214 222 197 219 200 214 | 226 BOAS 30 89 32 35 32 51 88 14 21 43 18 57 21 28 32 67 26 41 33 46 34 55 67 63 115 24 39 | 45 TEAS 28 25 17 15 19 25 18 22 21 23 22 26 22 19 14 15 11 21 24 12 20 11 15 13 10 13 11 | 19 SEAS 28 60 47 35 22 25 30 57 43 33 56 25 40 49 27 39 37 46 39 37 25 27 37 38 36 18 34 | 37 EQAS 353 38 27 10 11 84 22 57 26 114 10 8 62 6 25 25 19 68 126 8 5 18 61 4 3 3 22 | 45 AUST 35 32 65 42 62 55 40 43 24 45 36 23 37 14 56 57 26 38 32 22 35 43 82 31 22 20 51 | 40 Global 1009 980 758 646 670 792 745 751 765 743 750 633 631 731 637 694 602 689 768 635 632 613 756 664 715 549 843 | 719 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 6 1 7 4 3 1 | 3 CEAM 3 22 4 10 3 3 8 2 8 4 5 4 4 4 7 3 5 3 3 4 5 4 6 5 4 3 5 | 6 NHSA 8 11 7 9 9 6 11 8 6 5 9 6 7 7 4 4 5 8 7 9 5 9 10 11 4 7 7 | 8 SHSA 69 71 69 29 44 64 47 57 61 34 79 35 21 79 27 53 27 33 41 39 46 24 52 63 51 47 45 | 49 EURO 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 0 NHAF 153 188 160 165 145 152 142 129 154 122 134 139 122 110 125 113 121 114 113 135 115 118 93 115 103 93 89 | 129 SHAF 205 240 205 190 242 199 216 212 222 209 205 216 217 232 225 206 219 202 201 200 201 196 205 181 202 184 197 | 209 BOAS 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 | 1 TEAS 8 7 4 4 5 11 6 7 7 8 6 5 4 7 4 5 2 6 7 3 9 3 6 4 4 4 3 | 6 SEAS 18 33 24 21 15 16 19 31 25 19 29 16 21 23 14 19 15 21 19 17 13 14 19 20 18 9 18 | 20 EQAS 34 9 4 2 2 11 4 9 3 10 3 3 5 2 3 3 2 5 10 2 1 2 6 1 1 1 3 | 6 AUST 28 27 59 38 56 45 23 40 21 35 32 22 31 13 54 54 20 33 29 19 32 39 38 18 20 19 48 | 34 Global 534 618 545 478 528 515 485 504 516 454 509 455 439 483 471 470 424 432 437 435 437 421 442 429 419 375 425 | 470 Boreal forest fires: BONA 5 23 9 5 2 23 13 29 19 13 10 8 11 19 13 13 27 30 36 9 28 20 21 2 40 27 219 | 26 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 21 76 24 28 24 44 76 7 14 27 12 42 14 16 26 60 23 31 27 41 30 50 61 58 108 18 33 | 37 TEAS 4 3 1 2 0 3 3 1 0 2 3 2 3 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 2 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 31 103 35 35 28 71 93 38 34 44 27 54 28 36 41 76 52 63 66 52 60 71 82 61 149 47 253 | 65 Temperate forest fires: BONA 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 2 5 0 6 0 10 | 2 TENA 1 1 3 3 1 3 2 1 1 2 5 3 1 1 2 4 2 3 5 2 7 7 1 21 19 6 2 | 5 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 | 2 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1 TEAS 4 4 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 | 2 SEAS 1 2 5 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 | 3 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 5 4 3 3 3 7 15 1 0 8 3 0 3 0 0 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 40 11 0 0 1 | 5 Global 19 20 23 15 13 18 27 11 9 21 17 13 16 16 11 15 14 17 15 12 20 17 53 40 34 15 23 | 20 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 1 30 1 5 1 1 10 0 6 2 3 2 3 0 5 0 5 0 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 1 4 | 4 NHSA 2 4 1 2 2 0 8 1 1 0 3 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 2 7 1 2 6 3 0 1 1 | 2 SHSA 38 68 57 26 13 38 33 62 86 33 99 24 9 105 19 40 15 29 44 40 39 20 43 54 41 49 38 | 44 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 5 20 10 15 7 8 6 5 8 6 7 4 4 4 7 4 4 5 8 11 6 6 5 6 4 4 4 | 7 SHAF 2 2 2 4 14 13 11 13 14 13 8 13 12 14 11 8 13 11 13 14 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 | 11 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 5 19 13 8 3 6 5 19 10 8 21 4 11 19 8 12 15 17 13 13 7 8 11 12 10 5 10 | 11 EQAS 152 25 16 7 4 41 10 30 11 49 4 3 25 2 10 11 9 31 54 4 2 9 26 2 1 1 11 | 21 AUST 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 | 1 Global 210 173 105 71 49 111 88 135 140 115 150 55 70 151 63 80 67 99 141 95 73 62 110 93 74 76 83 | 102 Peat fires: BONA 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 3 3 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 14 | 2 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 159 2 5 0 4 29 6 16 11 53 0 0 30 0 10 10 7 30 60 1 0 5 27 0 0 0 8 | 18 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 159 5 6 1 5 31 10 17 13 54 1 2 31 2 12 13 10 33 63 3 1 6 29 1 4 1 23 | 20 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 0 TENA 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 CEAM 1 6 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 | 2 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SHSA 3 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 | 3 EURO 1 1 1 3 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 11 12 10 11 9 10 6 9 13 11 10 10 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 9 8 8 7 8 7 7 7 | 9 SHAF 5 7 5 5 9 7 5 7 7 6 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 | 6 BOAS 6 10 5 5 4 4 8 4 5 10 4 11 4 6 4 4 1 7 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 | 5 TEAS 10 8 6 5 10 9 5 8 10 9 9 14 10 6 6 5 6 11 11 6 8 5 6 6 4 5 5 | 8 SEAS 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 2 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 | 3 EQAS 6 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 AUST 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 53 59 42 43 45 43 39 44 51 51 44 53 43 41 37 37 33 42 44 36 38 33 37 37 33 33 34 | 42