# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # DM emissions estimates in 1E12 g DM for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 55 190 78 44 25 177 110 209 142 102 78 63 84 150 101 103 205 235 271 78 223 161 182 22 333 198 1632 | 195 TENA 22 26 41 43 22 36 33 25 30 40 56 42 29 32 39 50 32 36 62 40 81 91 23 182 155 70 34 | 51 CEAM 44 361 51 117 33 44 132 31 106 57 65 57 65 41 92 35 79 31 45 54 68 47 78 68 50 40 74 | 73 NHSA 73 102 56 74 77 46 121 66 49 42 85 51 56 62 27 37 41 66 61 103 41 74 104 90 32 54 63 | 65 SHSA 684 884 810 369 369 644 516 752 918 434 1109 388 213 1144 307 594 285 404 543 511 549 285 599 744 580 606 537 | 585 EURO 15 17 12 39 22 10 19 14 17 14 19 16 10 10 14 22 10 9 7 11 22 8 12 8 16 28 9 | 16 MIDE 1 5 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 2 4 5 4 4 3 3 5 4 5 2 4 4 9 3 4 | 4 NHAF 1014 1320 1077 1144 972 1021 928 856 1049 832 914 923 808 736 843 758 802 756 778 932 777 794 629 775 696 628 608 | 866 SHAF 1272 1490 1269 1193 1586 1315 1391 1385 1456 1368 1300 1395 1393 1499 1440 1314 1422 1304 1309 1306 1302 1273 1325 1177 1308 1192 1274 | 1343 BOAS 200 596 212 233 211 340 588 95 139 281 123 381 141 186 216 450 174 272 221 311 231 371 447 424 770 163 265 | 298 TEAS 176 161 106 97 120 157 115 135 129 142 141 164 141 116 89 98 73 134 150 74 126 72 93 82 63 84 70 | 116 SEAS 171 362 285 212 135 155 180 346 260 201 338 151 244 299 166 236 228 282 236 227 155 164 224 230 217 112 208 | 224 EQAS 2111 231 167 65 70 508 137 343 159 686 60 48 374 36 153 153 119 407 755 50 31 109 365 24 22 18 137 | 272 AUST 212 195 390 252 370 327 244 257 143 270 216 141 225 86 337 343 158 228 195 133 211 259 494 188 131 121 307 | 239 Global 6058 5951 4565 3891 4024 4790 4525 4525 4610 4480 4516 3833 3793 4411 3836 4204 3638 4174 4646 3840 3828 3716 4586 4026 4390 3325 5227 | 4349 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 | 1 TENA 8 10 12 18 7 13 10 9 13 15 15 12 10 9 15 16 8 9 15 14 22 37 10 42 28 22 8 | 15 CEAM 23 132 27 60 18 23 52 14 50 26 29 29 29 23 44 20 33 17 20 25 32 24 37 32 25 19 34 | 34 NHSA 51 68 43 57 54 39 67 53 39 35 57 39 44 41 24 29 32 50 44 56 32 53 62 65 26 42 46 | 47 SHSA 412 426 414 176 266 380 279 342 364 203 470 212 127 470 165 318 160 199 243 235 275 146 311 376 306 279 267 | 290 EURO 4 6 3 11 3 2 7 2 8 3 7 2 2 3 3 6 3 1 2 4 7 1 2 1 6 6 2 | 4 MIDE 0 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 7 1 2 | 2 NHAF 907 1120 951 980 865 905 847 768 916 724 798 830 726 654 745 675 722 678 675 802 687 705 553 683 615 553 531 | 764 SHAF 1216 1424 1218 1132 1440 1183 1282 1258 1320 1239 1218 1283 1287 1376 1339 1226 1303 1203 1195 1187 1197 1164 1218 1076 1199 1093 1174 | 1239 BOAS 6 6 4 4 4 2 7 8 4 12 2 10 5 4 3 3 1 4 3 1 2 3 4 2 6 5 6 | 5 TEAS 52 45 27 28 30 65 39 45 45 48 36 32 26 45 27 31 15 38 41 21 54 22 38 23 23 29 22 | 36 SEAS 107 201 147 124 91 99 116 189 150 116 174 96 125 140 84 117 94 127 115 102 82 83 117 122 109 55 112 | 119 EQAS 205 53 28 12 16 67 27 53 19 59 21 18 31 16 20 18 17 33 60 12 9 17 36 6 6 6 17 | 33 AUST 170 163 354 226 333 268 138 241 129 208 191 131 187 78 320 324 123 200 172 115 190 235 230 110 122 113 289 | 199 Global 3168 3666 3235 2836 3134 3054 2877 2989 3064 2696 3024 2700 2606 2866 2797 2790 2517 2565 2594 2581 2596 2497 2625 2548 2485 2229 2521 | 2788 Boreal forest fires: BONA 39 159 65 34 15 159 92 198 130 91 71 57 73 132 92 88 187 206 245 66 193 140 143 17 274 184 1472 | 172 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 141 510 163 189 166 295 511 52 97 187 86 284 98 110 177 409 158 214 181 281 205 337 410 394 725 127 227 | 250 TEAS 32 25 11 17 5 23 26 10 3 19 25 19 21 4 6 18 2 4 17 2 7 4 3 3 1 5 3 | 12 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 213 695 240 241 188 479 630 260 231 298 182 363 194 247 277 516 349 424 444 350 406 482 557 415 1001 316 1703 | 434 Temperate forest fires: BONA 11 12 5 2 5 4 7 1 2 4 2 1 4 9 2 3 2 7 5 4 20 14 30 1 41 5 64 | 10 TENA 8 10 22 18 9 19 14 7 9 17 31 21 9 7 14 28 18 20 36 17 48 45 7 128 116 38 17 | 28 CEAM 0 5 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 15 13 18 12 8 11 13 12 8 7 10 9 10 10 9 9 10 7 8 8 17 6 7 15 8 10 18 | 11 EURO 2 2 1 3 1 1 3 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 6 2 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 | 1 BOAS 9 7 9 2 4 10 2 5 2 15 3 6 6 22 3 2 1 7 3 2 2 5 4 1 4 5 6 | 6 TEAS 24 27 22 11 13 9 9 16 11 12 12 18 22 19 16 10 14 18 14 9 8 8 9 13 9 10 9 | 14 SEAS 11 16 31 18 13 6 16 16 15 17 13 12 22 18 10 21 16 24 11 17 10 11 14 10 23 11 15 | 16 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 35 25 23 20 23 47 95 6 4 52 22 5 23 5 5 8 24 16 9 11 8 9 245 72 2 3 7 | 30 Global 121 123 139 93 81 113 165 67 59 133 103 81 102 97 66 92 89 105 92 75 125 108 323 247 212 93 144 | 121 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 12 184 11 34 8 12 64 4 40 16 21 14 23 5 33 5 32 5 15 18 21 13 27 23 14 12 24 | 26 NHSA 17 28 9 13 18 4 49 10 6 3 22 7 6 17 1 5 7 12 13 43 6 16 37 19 4 9 11 | 15 SHSA 231 417 350 163 81 233 206 377 528 205 607 148 58 644 117 246 95 180 272 246 240 121 265 331 249 300 236 | 265 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 34 124 60 93 46 51 37 31 50 38 48 28 28 24 42 29 28 32 49 71 37 38 31 37 30 29 28 | 44 SHAF 17 18 12 28 86 81 71 81 85 84 48 80 75 86 67 54 84 71 81 86 71 70 72 67 72 67 67 | 66 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 4 6 4 2 1 0 3 9 3 1 4 2 3 6 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 | 2 SEAS 33 120 83 51 24 37 34 120 66 50 131 30 69 119 53 76 95 106 82 80 46 50 68 74 63 31 63 | 69 EQAS 929 153 102 44 25 252 63 183 67 298 29 19 155 15 64 67 56 190 333 26 16 57 161 13 10 9 67 | 127 AUST 2 3 6 2 6 6 7 4 5 4 1 3 10 0 5 6 7 7 10 4 7 10 8 3 3 2 6 | 6 Global 1283 1056 641 435 298 680 540 822 854 703 915 335 430 920 387 492 408 608 859 578 448 380 674 570 450 462 508 | 620 Peat fires: BONA 2 9 4 1 1 10 10 7 8 5 4 3 3 7 5 8 14 19 17 6 5 3 6 0 13 7 83 | 10 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 5 2 3 5 3 9 1 2 2 1 4 2 5 1 7 4 2 1 6 1 5 4 5 10 1 2 | 4 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 933 15 30 5 24 172 40 95 67 315 5 4 179 1 63 62 41 177 353 9 3 30 160 3 2 1 48 | 106 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 937 30 37 10 31 187 60 104 77 322 11 12 186 15 70 78 59 199 373 22 10 39 170 8 26 10 135 | 120 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 2 7 2 5 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 0 6 | 2 TENA 5 6 6 6 6 3 8 9 7 7 9 7 8 15 9 6 5 6 10 7 10 8 6 12 10 9 9 | 8 CEAM 8 39 9 20 6 8 14 12 15 12 12 10 12 10 12 7 12 6 9 9 12 8 12 11 9 7 12 | 12 NHSA 4 5 3 3 5 2 4 3 3 3 5 3 5 4 1 2 2 4 4 3 2 3 4 5 1 2 4 | 4 SHSA 25 26 27 16 13 18 17 19 16 17 20 18 17 19 14 20 19 16 18 20 16 10 14 20 16 16 14 | 18 EURO 8 8 7 24 17 5 8 10 7 8 9 12 6 6 9 13 6 6 3 5 9 5 8 4 7 15 4 | 9 MIDE 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 | 2 NHAF 71 75 64 69 60 64 44 56 82 69 67 65 53 57 55 53 52 45 53 58 52 50 44 54 50 46 48 | 58 SHAF 37 45 37 32 57 49 35 45 48 43 31 31 30 34 32 33 33 29 30 31 31 34 33 32 35 31 32 | 36 BOAS 41 66 33 33 30 27 56 27 33 64 30 74 28 42 29 27 8 45 31 19 19 20 24 20 23 24 21 | 34 TEAS 63 56 40 37 68 57 35 53 66 60 62 91 67 41 38 37 40 71 75 40 55 35 40 41 27 37 32 | 51 SEAS 18 24 23 17 6 11 13 20 27 16 18 12 26 20 18 20 22 24 27 26 16 19 24 23 20 14 17 | 20 EQAS 42 8 5 3 4 15 5 10 5 12 5 5 7 3 5 4 3 4 7 2 2 3 6 1 1 1 3 | 7 AUST 3 4 5 3 6 4 2 5 4 4 1 1 3 2 4 3 2 3 2 2 5 3 10 3 2 2 3 | 4 Global 334 377 270 274 289 274 251 280 322 325 278 338 274 263 237 234 212 270 282 232 241 208 235 235 213 212 215 | 266