# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # H2 emissions estimates in 1E10 g H2 for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 11 40 16 9 5 37 23 43 30 21 16 13 17 31 21 22 43 50 57 16 46 33 37 4 69 41 342 | 41 TENA 4 5 8 8 4 7 6 5 6 8 11 8 6 7 8 10 6 7 12 8 16 17 4 36 31 14 7 | 10 CEAM 10 95 11 27 7 10 34 7 26 13 15 13 16 8 22 7 20 6 11 13 16 10 18 16 11 9 17 | 18 NHSA 15 22 11 15 16 8 29 13 9 8 18 10 11 13 5 7 8 13 13 25 8 15 24 19 6 10 13 | 14 SHSA 157 222 199 91 77 150 124 192 245 109 291 92 47 303 73 144 66 100 139 129 135 69 147 183 141 154 132 | 145 EURO 3 3 2 8 5 2 4 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 3 5 2 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 3 6 2 | 4 MIDE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 NHAF 184 251 198 216 178 187 167 155 194 154 169 167 146 134 155 138 145 138 145 175 143 145 116 142 127 115 112 | 160 SHAF 222 260 221 210 289 241 251 253 266 250 232 253 252 272 258 235 258 236 238 239 236 231 240 214 237 216 230 | 243 BOAS 43 125 45 49 45 71 123 20 30 60 26 81 30 40 45 93 36 58 46 65 48 77 92 87 158 34 55 | 63 TEAS 38 35 23 21 27 33 24 30 29 31 31 37 31 25 19 21 16 30 33 16 27 16 20 18 13 18 15 | 25 SEAS 36 84 65 46 28 33 38 81 58 44 81 32 56 73 39 55 57 68 56 54 36 38 52 53 50 26 47 | 52 EQAS 672 68 51 19 20 158 41 105 49 219 16 12 120 9 47 48 36 130 243 14 8 33 116 7 6 5 42 | 85 AUST 38 35 68 44 65 58 46 45 25 48 37 25 41 15 58 60 29 40 35 23 38 46 94 35 23 21 53 | 43 Global 1439 1252 925 771 773 1002 917 959 976 975 955 754 781 940 760 850 729 885 1037 787 766 739 970 823 884 676 1075 | 904 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 6 1 7 4 3 1 | 3 CEAM 3 22 4 10 3 4 8 2 8 4 5 4 4 4 7 3 5 3 3 4 5 4 6 5 4 3 5 | 6 NHSA 8 11 7 9 9 6 11 9 6 6 9 6 7 7 4 4 5 8 7 9 5 9 10 11 4 7 7 | 8 SHSA 70 72 70 30 45 64 47 58 61 34 80 36 21 79 28 54 27 33 41 40 46 24 53 64 52 47 45 | 49 EURO 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 0 NHAF 154 190 161 166 147 154 144 130 155 123 135 141 123 111 126 114 122 115 114 136 116 119 94 116 104 94 90 | 130 SHAF 206 242 207 192 244 201 218 213 224 210 207 218 218 234 227 208 221 204 203 201 203 197 207 183 203 185 199 | 211 BOAS 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 | 1 TEAS 8 7 4 4 5 11 6 7 7 8 6 5 4 7 4 5 2 6 7 3 9 3 6 4 4 5 3 | 6 SEAS 18 34 25 21 15 16 19 32 25 19 29 16 21 23 14 20 16 21 19 17 13 14 20 20 18 9 19 | 20 EQAS 34 9 4 2 2 11 4 9 3 10 3 3 5 2 3 3 3 5 10 2 1 3 6 1 1 1 3 | 6 AUST 29 27 60 38 56 45 23 41 22 35 32 22 31 13 54 55 21 34 29 19 32 40 39 18 20 19 49 | 34 Global 538 623 550 482 532 519 489 508 520 458 514 459 443 487 475 474 427 436 441 438 441 424 446 433 422 379 428 | 474 Boreal forest fires: BONA 8 32 13 6 3 32 18 40 26 18 14 11 15 26 18 17 38 41 49 13 39 28 29 3 55 37 298 | 35 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 28 103 33 38 33 60 103 10 19 37 17 57 19 22 36 83 32 43 36 57 41 68 83 80 147 25 46 | 51 TEAS 6 5 2 3 1 4 5 2 0 3 5 3 4 0 1 3 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 2 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 43 141 48 49 38 97 127 52 47 60 37 73 39 50 56 104 70 86 90 71 82 97 113 84 203 64 345 | 88 Temperate forest fires: BONA 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 3 6 0 8 1 13 | 2 TENA 1 2 4 3 1 3 3 1 1 3 6 4 1 1 3 5 3 4 7 3 9 9 1 26 23 7 3 | 6 CEAM 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 3 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 3 | 2 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 | 1 TEAS 4 5 4 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 | 3 SEAS 2 3 6 3 2 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 3 2 4 3 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 | 3 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 7 5 4 4 4 9 19 1 0 10 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 3 1 2 1 1 49 14 0 0 1 | 6 Global 24 25 28 18 16 23 33 13 11 27 20 16 20 19 13 18 18 21 18 15 25 22 65 50 43 18 29 | 25 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 4 62 3 11 2 4 21 1 13 5 7 4 7 1 11 1 11 2 5 6 7 4 9 7 4 4 8 | 9 NHSA 5 9 3 4 6 1 16 3 2 1 7 2 2 5 0 1 2 4 4 14 2 5 12 6 1 3 3 | 5 SHSA 77 140 117 55 27 78 69 126 177 68 204 49 19 216 39 82 31 60 91 82 80 40 89 111 83 100 79 | 89 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 11 41 20 31 15 17 12 10 16 12 16 9 9 8 14 10 9 11 16 24 12 12 10 12 10 9 9 | 15 SHAF 5 6 4 9 29 27 24 27 28 28 16 26 25 29 22 18 28 23 27 29 23 23 24 22 24 22 22 | 22 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 11 40 27 17 8 12 11 40 22 16 44 10 23 40 18 25 32 35 27 27 15 16 23 24 21 10 21 | 23 EQAS 312 51 34 15 8 84 21 61 22 100 9 6 52 5 21 22 18 64 112 8 5 19 54 4 3 3 22 | 43 AUST 0 1 2 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 3 0 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 1 0 2 | 2 Global 431 354 215 146 100 228 181 276 287 236 307 112 144 309 130 165 137 204 288 194 150 127 226 191 151 155 170 | 208 Peat fires: BONA 0 3 1 0 0 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 6 6 2 1 1 2 0 4 2 28 | 3 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 1 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 | 1 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 313 5 10 1 8 58 13 32 22 105 1 1 60 0 21 21 13 59 118 3 1 10 53 1 0 0 16 | 35 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 314 10 12 3 10 63 20 35 26 108 3 4 62 5 23 26 20 67 125 7 3 13 57 2 8 3 45 | 40 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1 TENA 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 | 2 CEAM 2 10 2 5 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 1 3 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 | 3 NHSA 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 | 1 SHSA 6 6 7 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 4 5 4 2 3 5 4 4 3 | 5 EURO 2 2 1 6 4 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 4 1 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHAF 18 19 16 18 15 16 11 14 21 18 17 16 13 14 14 13 13 11 13 15 13 13 11 14 13 11 12 | 15 SHAF 9 11 9 8 14 12 9 11 12 11 8 8 7 8 8 8 8 7 8 8 8 9 8 8 9 8 8 | 9 BOAS 10 17 8 8 7 7 14 7 8 16 7 19 7 11 7 7 2 11 8 5 5 5 6 5 6 6 5 | 9 TEAS 16 14 10 9 17 14 9 13 17 15 16 23 17 10 9 9 10 18 19 10 14 9 10 10 7 9 8 | 13 SEAS 4 6 6 4 1 2 3 5 7 4 4 3 6 5 4 5 5 6 7 6 4 5 6 5 5 3 4 | 5 EQAS 11 2 1 0 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 | 2 AUST 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 86 97 70 71 74 71 65 72 83 84 72 87 70 68 61 60 55 69 73 60 62 54 61 61 55 54 55 | 69