# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # HCOOH emissions estimates in 1E9 g HCOOH for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 28 105 43 26 13 98 59 117 79 56 43 35 46 82 56 57 114 129 150 42 120 87 94 13 177 110 897 | 107 TENA 9 11 15 15 10 11 14 13 13 15 21 16 13 19 16 17 12 13 24 15 28 29 10 57 48 25 15 | 19 CEAM 23 214 25 60 16 22 76 18 57 31 35 28 37 20 48 16 45 15 26 29 36 24 41 37 26 21 40 | 40 NHSA 29 42 20 26 31 14 57 22 17 13 35 17 19 26 7 12 15 24 23 49 14 28 47 34 10 18 23 | 25 SHSA 299 449 396 186 136 286 243 393 513 225 602 183 93 629 145 284 130 203 287 267 268 139 291 366 280 314 262 | 292 EURO 9 10 8 28 18 6 10 11 9 10 12 13 7 7 10 15 7 7 4 7 12 6 9 5 9 18 5 | 11 MIDE 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 2 | 3 NHAF 289 409 312 349 279 295 251 242 314 252 273 262 228 214 246 218 226 213 234 283 226 229 186 227 203 185 182 | 253 SHAF 306 359 303 292 428 363 362 374 393 370 326 364 360 392 367 333 374 338 346 349 340 336 347 311 344 314 332 | 350 BOAS 126 363 131 144 129 201 354 61 91 178 81 242 88 115 133 265 101 170 136 183 138 216 262 248 444 100 155 | 180 TEAS 103 93 62 58 83 88 64 81 83 86 91 115 94 63 53 58 49 88 98 49 74 46 54 52 36 50 43 | 71 SEAS 71 166 129 89 48 64 69 160 115 85 163 60 114 149 81 111 122 141 120 116 73 79 107 110 100 54 95 | 104 EQAS 1175 147 104 42 37 294 77 202 88 381 34 26 205 19 84 85 67 230 418 29 18 64 202 14 12 10 79 | 154 AUST 51 48 91 58 88 79 64 61 37 66 48 33 57 21 78 79 41 56 49 33 53 64 134 49 32 29 71 | 59 Global 2526 2425 1647 1381 1326 1829 1710 1765 1819 1778 1774 1406 1371 1766 1333 1559 1311 1637 1927 1461 1411 1353 1792 1531 1732 1256 2209 | 1668 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 3 3 1 2 3 3 4 7 2 8 5 4 1 | 3 CEAM 4 27 5 12 3 4 11 3 10 5 6 6 6 5 9 4 7 3 4 5 6 5 7 6 5 4 7 | 7 NHSA 10 14 9 12 11 8 14 11 8 7 12 8 9 8 5 6 6 10 9 11 6 11 13 13 5 8 9 | 10 SHSA 86 89 87 37 55 79 58 72 76 42 98 44 26 98 34 66 33 41 51 49 57 30 65 79 64 58 56 | 61 EURO 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 0 NHAF 190 235 199 205 181 190 177 161 192 152 167 174 152 137 156 141 151 142 141 168 144 148 116 143 129 116 111 | 160 SHAF 255 299 255 237 302 248 269 264 277 260 255 269 270 289 281 257 273 252 251 249 251 244 255 226 251 229 246 | 260 BOAS 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 TEAS 10 9 5 5 6 13 8 9 9 10 7 6 5 9 5 6 3 8 8 4 11 4 8 5 5 6 4 | 7 SEAS 22 42 30 26 19 20 24 39 31 24 36 20 26 29 17 24 19 26 24 21 17 17 24 25 22 11 23 | 25 EQAS 43 11 5 2 3 14 5 11 4 12 4 3 6 3 4 3 3 6 12 2 1 3 7 1 1 1 3 | 7 AUST 35 34 74 47 70 56 29 50 27 43 40 27 39 16 67 68 25 42 36 24 39 49 48 23 25 23 60 | 42 Global 665 770 679 595 658 641 604 627 643 566 635 567 547 602 587 585 528 538 544 542 545 524 551 535 521 468 529 | 585 Boreal forest fires: BONA 22 90 37 19 8 91 52 112 74 52 40 32 42 75 52 50 107 117 139 37 110 80 81 10 156 104 839 | 98 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 80 290 93 107 95 168 291 29 55 106 49 162 56 63 101 233 90 122 103 160 116 192 233 224 413 72 129 | 142 TEAS 18 14 6 10 3 13 15 6 2 11 14 10 12 2 3 10 1 2 9 1 4 2 2 1 0 3 2 | 7 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 121 396 136 137 107 273 359 148 131 170 104 207 110 141 158 294 199 242 253 200 231 274 317 236 571 180 971 | 247 Temperate forest fires: BONA 3 3 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 5 4 8 0 11 1 18 | 3 TENA 2 2 6 5 2 5 4 2 2 4 8 6 2 2 4 7 5 5 10 4 13 12 1 35 32 10 4 | 8 CEAM 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 4 3 5 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 2 4 2 3 5 | 3 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 2 2 2 0 1 3 0 1 0 4 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 | 2 TEAS 6 7 6 3 3 2 2 4 3 3 3 5 6 5 4 3 4 5 4 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 | 4 SEAS 3 4 8 5 3 1 4 4 4 5 3 3 6 5 2 6 4 6 3 5 2 3 4 2 6 3 4 | 4 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 9 7 6 5 6 13 26 1 1 14 6 1 6 1 1 2 6 4 2 3 2 2 68 20 0 0 2 | 8 Global 33 34 39 26 22 31 46 18 16 37 28 22 28 27 18 25 25 29 25 21 35 30 90 69 59 26 40 | 34 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 9 145 9 26 6 9 51 3 31 13 16 11 18 4 26 4 26 4 11 14 17 10 21 18 11 9 19 | 21 NHSA 13 22 7 10 14 3 39 7 5 2 18 6 5 13 1 4 5 9 10 34 5 13 29 15 3 7 9 | 12 SHSA 183 330 276 129 64 184 162 298 417 162 480 117 46 508 93 194 75 142 215 194 189 96 209 261 197 237 187 | 210 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 27 97 48 73 36 40 29 24 39 30 38 22 22 19 33 23 22 26 39 56 29 30 25 29 23 23 22 | 35 SHAF 13 14 9 22 68 64 56 64 67 66 38 63 59 68 53 42 66 56 64 68 56 55 57 53 57 53 53 | 52 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 3 5 3 1 1 0 2 7 2 1 3 1 2 4 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 | 2 SEAS 26 95 65 40 19 29 27 94 52 39 103 23 54 94 42 60 75 84 64 63 36 39 54 58 50 25 50 | 55 EQAS 734 121 81 35 20 199 50 145 53 236 23 15 123 12 50 53 44 150 263 21 13 45 127 10 8 7 53 | 100 AUST 1 2 4 2 5 4 6 3 4 3 1 2 8 0 4 4 6 5 7 3 6 8 6 2 2 2 5 | 4 Global 1013 834 506 343 236 537 426 649 675 555 723 265 340 727 305 389 323 480 678 457 354 300 532 450 355 365 401 | 490 Peat fires: BONA 0 3 1 0 0 4 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 5 7 6 2 2 1 2 0 5 3 31 | 4 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 2 0 1 1 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 3 0 1 | 2 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 354 6 11 1 9 65 15 36 25 119 2 1 68 0 24 23 15 67 134 3 1 11 60 1 1 0 18 | 40 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 356 11 14 4 11 71 23 39 29 122 4 4 70 5 26 30 22 75 141 8 3 14 64 3 9 4 51 | 46 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 2 7 2 5 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 0 6 | 2 TENA 5 6 6 6 6 3 8 9 7 7 9 7 8 15 9 6 5 6 10 7 10 8 6 12 10 9 9 | 8 CEAM 8 39 9 20 6 8 14 12 15 12 12 10 12 10 12 7 12 6 9 9 12 8 12 11 9 7 12 | 12 NHSA 4 5 3 3 5 2 4 3 3 3 5 3 5 4 1 2 2 4 4 3 2 3 4 5 1 2 4 | 4 SHSA 25 26 27 16 13 18 17 19 16 17 20 18 17 19 14 20 19 16 18 20 16 10 14 20 16 16 14 | 18 EURO 8 8 7 24 17 5 8 10 7 8 9 12 6 6 9 13 6 6 3 5 9 5 8 4 7 15 4 | 9 MIDE 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 | 2 NHAF 71 75 64 69 60 64 44 56 82 69 67 65 53 57 55 53 52 45 53 58 52 50 44 54 50 46 48 | 58 SHAF 37 45 37 32 57 49 35 45 48 43 31 31 30 34 32 33 33 29 30 31 31 34 33 32 35 31 32 | 36 BOAS 41 66 33 33 30 27 56 27 33 64 30 74 28 42 29 27 8 45 31 19 19 20 24 20 23 24 21 | 34 TEAS 63 56 40 37 68 57 35 53 66 60 62 91 67 41 38 37 40 71 75 40 55 35 40 41 27 37 32 | 51 SEAS 18 24 23 17 6 11 13 20 27 16 18 12 26 20 18 20 22 24 27 26 16 19 24 23 20 14 17 | 20 EQAS 42 8 5 3 4 15 5 10 5 12 5 5 7 3 5 4 3 4 7 2 2 3 6 1 1 1 3 | 7 AUST 3 4 5 3 6 4 2 5 4 4 1 1 3 2 4 3 2 3 2 2 5 3 10 3 2 2 3 | 4 Global 334 377 270 274 289 274 251 280 322 325 278 338 274 263 237 234 212 270 282 232 241 208 235 235 213 212 215 | 266