# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # HOCH2CHO emissions estimates in 1E9 g HOCH2CHO for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 46 160 66 36 21 150 93 178 121 87 67 54 71 128 86 87 174 199 230 66 190 137 155 18 284 169 1390 | 166 TENA 13 15 27 24 14 22 21 15 16 23 37 27 17 20 23 32 21 24 42 24 54 54 13 129 114 45 23 | 33 CEAM 21 202 24 56 15 21 71 15 54 29 33 28 33 18 46 15 42 14 23 27 34 22 39 34 24 20 37 | 37 NHSA 29 41 20 26 31 15 56 23 17 14 34 18 19 26 8 13 15 24 23 48 14 28 46 34 11 19 23 | 25 SHSA 305 445 398 187 143 291 246 390 502 222 591 184 96 617 146 284 132 201 283 263 273 139 291 367 280 312 268 | 291 EURO 9 9 7 23 14 6 10 8 9 9 10 10 6 6 9 13 6 6 4 6 13 5 8 5 9 18 6 | 9 MIDE 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 | 2 NHAF 303 425 328 364 294 310 270 255 325 259 283 274 240 222 257 228 238 226 243 295 236 240 193 237 212 192 188 | 265 SHAF 344 404 341 327 466 392 400 407 429 403 364 403 399 434 408 371 412 374 382 384 376 371 383 342 379 346 367 | 386 BOAS 162 498 175 192 173 286 491 72 112 224 100 309 113 150 179 380 147 225 183 263 194 313 378 359 654 133 220 | 248 TEAS 110 101 68 60 74 86 69 79 73 83 89 107 94 65 54 60 47 81 92 44 67 43 50 50 35 48 41 | 70 SEAS 74 171 142 98 56 66 78 165 119 93 166 66 121 154 82 119 124 148 119 119 75 81 109 111 109 57 100 | 109 EQAS 1460 144 109 42 44 342 88 227 108 478 34 26 261 19 103 104 79 284 529 31 18 72 251 15 12 10 92 | 185 AUST 77 68 117 78 113 116 124 72 43 103 68 41 77 26 92 96 59 72 60 43 64 77 282 94 37 34 86 | 83 Global 2961 2694 1830 1521 1465 2111 2026 1915 1935 2036 1886 1556 1557 1893 1502 1810 1505 1887 2222 1621 1617 1591 2206 1803 2170 1410 2848 | 1911 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 0 TENA 2 2 3 4 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 2 2 3 3 5 9 2 10 7 5 2 | 4 CEAM 5 33 6 15 4 5 13 3 12 6 7 7 7 5 11 5 8 4 5 6 8 6 9 8 6 4 8 | 8 NHSA 12 17 10 14 13 9 16 13 9 8 14 9 11 10 6 7 8 12 11 14 8 13 15 16 6 10 11 | 12 SHSA 103 106 103 44 66 95 69 85 91 50 117 53 31 117 41 79 40 49 60 58 68 36 77 94 76 69 66 | 73 EURO 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 0 NHAF 226 280 237 245 216 226 211 192 229 181 199 207 181 163 186 168 180 169 168 200 171 176 138 170 153 138 132 | 191 SHAF 304 356 304 283 360 295 320 314 330 309 304 320 321 344 334 306 325 300 298 296 299 291 304 269 299 273 293 | 310 BOAS 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 | 1 TEAS 13 11 6 7 7 16 9 11 11 12 9 8 6 11 6 7 3 9 10 5 13 5 9 5 5 7 5 | 9 SEAS 26 50 36 31 22 24 29 47 37 29 43 24 31 35 21 29 23 31 28 25 20 20 29 30 27 13 28 | 30 EQAS 51 13 7 3 4 16 6 13 4 14 5 4 7 4 5 4 4 8 15 3 2 4 9 1 1 1 4 | 8 AUST 42 40 88 56 83 67 34 60 32 52 47 32 46 19 80 81 30 50 43 28 47 58 57 27 30 28 72 | 50 Global 792 916 808 709 783 763 719 747 766 674 756 675 651 716 699 697 629 641 648 645 649 624 656 637 621 557 630 | 697 Boreal forest fires: BONA 34 137 56 29 13 137 79 170 112 78 61 49 63 113 79 76 161 177 210 56 166 121 123 15 236 158 1266 | 148 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 121 438 140 162 143 254 440 44 83 160 74 244 84 95 153 352 136 184 156 242 176 289 352 339 624 109 195 | 215 TEAS 27 21 9 15 5 20 22 9 3 16 21 16 18 3 5 15 2 3 14 2 6 3 3 2 1 4 3 | 10 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 183 598 206 207 161 412 542 224 199 256 157 312 167 213 238 443 300 365 382 301 349 414 479 357 861 272 1465 | 373 Temperate forest fires: BONA 9 10 4 1 4 3 6 1 2 4 1 1 3 7 1 2 1 6 5 3 17 12 26 1 35 4 55 | 9 TENA 7 9 19 15 7 16 12 6 8 14 27 18 8 6 12 24 15 17 31 15 41 39 6 110 100 32 14 | 24 CEAM 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 13 11 15 10 7 10 11 10 7 6 9 8 8 9 7 8 8 6 7 7 15 5 6 13 6 9 16 | 10 EURO 2 2 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 4 0 1 1 2 5 2 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 BOAS 8 6 7 2 4 9 2 4 2 13 3 5 5 19 3 2 1 6 2 1 2 4 3 1 4 4 5 | 5 TEAS 21 23 19 9 11 8 8 14 9 10 11 16 19 16 13 9 12 15 12 8 7 7 8 11 8 9 7 | 12 SEAS 9 14 27 16 11 5 13 14 13 15 11 10 19 16 8 18 13 20 10 15 8 10 12 9 20 9 13 | 14 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 30 21 20 17 20 41 82 5 3 45 19 4 20 4 4 7 20 14 8 9 7 8 210 62 2 2 6 | 26 Global 104 106 120 80 70 97 142 58 50 114 88 70 88 83 57 79 77 90 79 64 107 93 278 212 182 80 124 | 104 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 8 136 8 25 5 8 48 3 29 12 15 10 17 4 24 3 24 4 11 13 16 9 20 17 10 8 18 | 19 NHSA 12 20 6 10 13 3 36 7 5 2 16 5 4 12 1 3 5 8 9 32 4 12 27 14 3 6 8 | 11 SHSA 171 309 259 121 60 172 152 279 391 151 449 109 43 476 87 182 70 133 201 182 177 90 196 245 184 222 175 | 196 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 25 91 45 69 34 38 27 23 37 28 35 20 20 18 31 22 21 24 36 53 27 28 23 27 22 21 21 | 33 SHAF 12 13 9 20 64 60 53 60 63 62 36 59 55 64 49 40 62 52 60 64 52 52 53 49 53 49 49 | 49 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 3 4 3 1 1 0 2 6 2 1 3 1 2 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 | 2 SEAS 24 89 61 38 17 28 25 88 49 37 97 22 51 88 39 56 70 78 60 59 34 37 50 54 47 23 47 | 51 EQAS 688 113 76 33 18 186 47 135 49 221 21 14 115 11 47 50 41 141 247 19 12 42 119 9 7 6 49 | 94 AUST 1 2 4 2 5 4 5 3 4 3 1 2 7 0 4 4 5 5 7 3 5 7 6 2 2 2 4 | 4 Global 949 781 474 321 221 503 399 608 632 520 677 248 318 681 286 364 302 450 635 428 331 281 498 422 333 342 376 | 459 Peat fires: BONA 1 6 3 1 0 8 7 5 6 4 3 2 2 5 3 6 10 14 13 4 4 2 4 0 9 5 62 | 7 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 4 1 2 3 2 7 0 1 1 1 3 2 4 1 5 2 1 1 4 1 4 3 3 7 1 2 | 3 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 690 11 22 3 18 127 30 70 49 233 4 3 132 1 47 46 30 131 261 6 2 22 118 2 2 0 35 | 78 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 693 22 27 7 23 138 45 77 57 238 8 9 137 11 52 58 44 147 276 16 7 28 126 6 19 7 100 | 89 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 1 5 1 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 4 | 2 TENA 3 4 4 4 4 2 5 6 5 5 6 5 6 11 6 4 4 4 7 5 7 5 4 8 7 7 6 | 6 CEAM 6 27 7 14 4 5 10 8 10 8 8 7 8 7 9 5 8 4 6 6 8 5 8 8 6 5 9 | 9 NHSA 3 4 2 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 3 | 3 SHSA 17 18 19 11 9 13 12 14 11 12 14 13 12 13 10 14 13 11 13 14 11 7 10 14 11 11 10 | 13 EURO 5 6 5 17 12 4 5 7 5 6 7 8 4 4 6 9 4 4 2 4 6 3 5 3 5 11 3 | 6 MIDE 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 | 2 NHAF 50 53 45 49 43 45 31 40 58 49 48 46 37 40 39 37 37 32 38 41 37 36 31 38 35 32 34 | 41 SHAF 26 32 26 23 40 35 25 32 34 30 22 22 21 24 23 23 23 20 21 22 22 24 24 23 25 22 22 | 26 BOAS 29 47 23 23 21 19 40 19 23 45 21 53 20 30 20 19 5 31 22 13 13 14 17 14 17 17 15 | 24 TEAS 44 40 28 26 48 41 25 38 46 43 44 64 47 29 27 26 28 50 53 28 39 25 29 29 19 26 23 | 36 SEAS 13 17 16 12 4 8 9 14 19 11 13 9 19 14 12 14 15 17 19 18 12 13 17 16 14 10 12 | 14 EQAS 30 6 3 2 3 10 3 7 3 9 3 3 5 2 3 3 2 3 5 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 | 5 AUST 2 2 4 2 4 3 2 3 2 3 0 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 7 2 2 1 2 | 3 Global 237 268 192 195 205 194 178 199 229 231 197 240 194 187 168 166 151 191 200 165 171 148 167 167 151 150 152 | 189