# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # Higher_Alkanes emissions estimates in 1E8 g Higher_Alkanes for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 172 617 253 144 76 582 346 706 472 336 259 209 277 492 335 331 674 759 889 249 736 534 581 74 1074 663 5371 | 638 TENA 41 50 80 72 45 63 66 53 55 71 112 83 58 75 73 93 64 72 126 74 157 152 44 353 312 132 75 | 99 CEAM 52 351 62 131 38 51 126 52 110 73 77 68 76 56 96 44 85 38 55 62 78 53 85 76 58 48 84 | 81 NHSA 57 77 43 52 62 34 87 48 38 34 65 39 47 48 19 29 31 50 47 75 30 54 77 68 23 39 50 | 49 SHSA 513 654 613 298 270 466 393 556 658 338 790 308 194 812 246 442 245 314 413 395 420 218 428 552 423 448 408 | 438 EURO 36 38 30 98 63 24 40 39 34 37 42 46 26 25 38 56 24 26 17 24 48 23 33 22 34 70 22 | 38 MIDE 4 11 7 6 7 6 8 8 8 8 10 6 12 12 11 8 9 8 13 10 10 5 8 8 11 5 9 | 9 NHAF 767 963 786 844 716 753 642 638 822 663 704 699 600 573 630 574 595 551 590 691 584 588 479 587 532 482 477 | 650 SHAF 811 956 809 755 1052 880 882 906 955 892 815 872 866 940 897 828 893 814 823 824 821 817 839 752 835 759 806 | 856 BOAS 660 2032 709 784 702 1154 1996 294 461 915 414 1271 459 589 732 1535 590 921 749 1060 791 1262 1529 1455 2635 542 887 | 1005 TEAS 414 371 246 233 302 337 260 288 291 330 353 438 372 228 205 232 187 322 373 181 264 169 196 194 133 188 158 | 270 SEAS 173 316 293 207 118 135 171 298 259 196 285 146 261 275 169 237 233 283 242 243 159 175 228 223 229 127 200 | 218 EQAS 1600 180 129 53 59 395 109 265 125 518 53 46 285 32 121 118 91 300 552 39 27 85 274 20 19 17 106 | 209 AUST 188 163 272 183 264 276 306 167 99 251 160 91 175 64 209 215 136 164 132 100 147 172 719 236 86 79 194 | 195 Global 5498 6790 4341 3868 3787 5166 5441 4327 4395 4671 4149 4341 3717 4229 3792 4752 3867 4630 5033 4037 4278 4313 5526 4627 6411 3603 8851 | 4758 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 | 0 TENA 4 5 6 10 4 7 5 5 7 8 8 7 5 5 8 8 4 5 8 7 12 20 5 23 15 12 4 | 9 CEAM 12 72 15 33 10 12 28 8 27 14 16 16 16 13 24 11 18 9 11 13 18 13 20 17 13 10 19 | 19 NHSA 28 37 24 31 29 21 37 29 21 19 31 21 24 22 13 16 17 27 24 30 17 29 34 36 14 23 25 | 26 SHSA 226 234 228 97 146 209 153 188 200 112 258 116 70 258 91 175 88 109 133 129 151 80 171 207 168 153 147 | 160 EURO 2 3 1 6 2 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 1 0 1 2 4 0 1 1 3 3 1 | 2 MIDE 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 1 1 | 1 NHAF 499 616 523 539 475 498 466 422 504 398 439 456 399 359 409 371 397 373 371 441 377 388 304 376 338 304 292 | 420 SHAF 668 783 669 622 792 650 705 692 726 681 670 705 707 757 736 674 716 661 657 652 658 640 669 592 659 601 645 | 682 BOAS 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 4 2 6 1 5 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 | 3 TEAS 28 25 15 15 16 36 21 24 25 26 19 18 14 24 15 17 8 21 22 11 29 12 21 13 13 16 12 | 20 SEAS 58 110 80 68 50 54 63 104 82 64 95 52 69 77 46 64 51 70 63 56 45 45 64 67 59 30 61 | 65 EQAS 112 29 15 6 8 37 15 29 10 32 11 10 17 9 11 10 9 18 33 7 5 9 20 3 3 3 9 | 18 AUST 93 89 194 124 183 147 76 133 71 114 105 72 103 43 176 178 68 110 95 63 104 129 126 60 67 62 159 | 109 Global 1742 2016 1779 1559 1724 1680 1582 1644 1685 1483 1663 1485 1433 1576 1538 1534 1384 1411 1427 1419 1428 1373 1444 1401 1367 1226 1386 | 1533 Boreal forest fires: BONA 138 556 229 119 54 557 321 691 454 319 248 199 257 462 323 308 655 719 856 230 676 491 499 62 959 642 5139 | 599 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 494 1781 570 660 581 1031 1786 182 339 653 301 992 343 387 621 1429 554 747 633 983 715 1176 1430 1376 2532 444 793 | 872 TEAS 112 88 39 62 20 82 92 36 13 68 88 67 76 15 22 63 9 16 60 10 24 14 13 11 4 18 12 | 42 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 745 2427 838 842 657 1672 2200 910 808 1041 638 1269 677 864 967 1800 1219 1482 1550 1224 1417 1683 1944 1450 3496 1105 5945 | 1514 Temperate forest fires: BONA 25 28 12 5 12 10 15 3 5 11 5 4 10 20 4 7 4 17 13 10 46 33 69 2 92 12 145 | 23 TENA 19 23 50 41 20 43 33 17 21 38 71 49 22 17 33 63 40 45 81 40 109 102 16 288 262 86 38 | 62 CEAM 1 12 5 5 0 1 1 0 2 4 4 7 0 2 4 5 2 0 0 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 | 3 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 34 29 41 28 19 26 30 28 20 17 24 21 23 24 20 21 22 17 19 18 40 14 16 35 18 24 42 | 25 EURO 6 5 4 6 2 3 8 2 4 4 4 3 2 1 4 7 2 2 3 2 11 2 4 4 6 13 5 | 5 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 2 5 2 1 3 1 3 0 3 1 4 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 7 1 1 2 1 2 | 3 BOAS 21 17 20 5 10 24 6 11 5 35 7 15 13 50 7 6 3 16 7 4 5 11 9 4 10 11 13 | 13 TEAS 55 61 50 25 29 21 22 37 25 27 28 41 51 43 36 24 32 40 33 21 18 19 21 29 22 24 20 | 32 SEAS 25 36 71 42 29 14 36 37 34 40 31 27 51 42 23 48 36 54 26 40 23 26 32 23 52 25 34 | 36 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 80 57 53 45 53 107 215 13 9 117 49 11 53 12 12 20 54 37 21 25 18 22 551 162 6 7 17 | 68 Global 272 278 314 209 183 255 372 152 132 300 232 184 230 219 150 208 202 236 208 169 282 244 727 555 477 209 324 | 272 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 8 132 8 24 5 8 46 3 29 11 15 10 16 4 23 3 23 4 10 13 15 9 19 16 10 8 17 | 19 NHSA 12 20 6 9 13 3 35 7 5 2 16 5 4 12 1 3 5 8 9 31 4 12 26 13 3 6 8 | 11 SHSA 166 300 252 117 58 168 148 271 380 147 437 106 42 463 84 177 68 129 196 177 172 87 191 238 179 216 170 | 191 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 24 89 43 67 33 37 26 22 36 27 34 20 20 17 30 21 20 23 35 51 26 27 22 27 21 21 20 | 32 SHAF 12 12 9 20 62 58 51 58 61 60 35 57 54 62 48 39 60 51 58 62 51 51 52 48 52 48 48 | 48 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 3 4 3 1 1 0 2 6 2 1 2 1 2 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 | 2 SEAS 24 87 59 37 17 27 24 86 47 36 94 21 49 86 38 54 68 76 59 58 33 36 49 53 46 23 45 | 50 EQAS 669 110 74 32 18 181 45 132 48 215 20 14 112 11 46 48 40 137 240 19 11 41 116 9 7 6 48 | 91 AUST 1 2 4 2 4 4 5 3 4 3 1 2 7 0 4 4 5 5 7 2 5 7 6 2 2 2 4 | 4 Global 924 760 461 313 215 490 388 592 615 506 659 241 310 662 278 354 294 438 618 416 322 273 485 410 324 333 366 | 447 Peat fires: BONA 1 6 3 1 0 7 7 5 5 4 3 2 2 5 3 6 10 13 12 4 4 2 4 0 9 5 60 | 7 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 4 1 2 3 2 7 0 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 5 2 1 1 4 1 4 3 3 7 1 2 | 3 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 672 11 22 3 17 124 29 68 48 226 3 3 129 1 45 45 29 128 254 6 2 21 115 2 2 0 35 | 76 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 674 22 26 7 22 135 43 75 56 232 8 8 134 10 50 56 43 143 268 16 7 28 123 6 18 7 97 | 86 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 7 25 7 18 8 6 2 5 6 2 2 3 6 3 3 8 4 9 6 3 7 7 7 8 12 1 23 | 8 TENA 17 20 22 20 21 11 27 30 26 24 32 26 30 53 31 21 19 20 35 26 36 28 22 41 34 33 31 | 28 CEAM 29 132 33 68 21 27 49 41 51 41 41 34 42 36 43 24 41 23 33 33 40 27 41 40 32 26 43 | 41 NHSA 16 19 12 11 19 10 15 12 11 12 17 11 18 13 5 9 9 14 13 12 8 12 16 18 5 9 16 | 13 SHSA 85 89 91 55 45 62 60 67 56 60 69 63 58 65 49 68 65 57 64 69 55 35 48 70 56 54 48 | 62 EURO 27 28 24 84 59 19 28 35 25 30 33 41 22 21 31 45 20 23 12 19 32 18 28 16 24 53 15 | 31 MIDE 4 10 6 4 6 5 7 8 7 7 8 5 11 10 9 6 9 7 13 9 9 5 7 7 7 4 7 | 8 NHAF 243 257 218 237 206 218 149 193 281 236 230 222 180 196 190 180 177 154 182 198 179 172 152 183 171 156 164 | 198 SHAF 127 154 128 110 194 169 121 155 164 148 106 107 102 117 110 112 113 98 105 105 108 118 115 110 121 108 109 | 124 BOAS 139 226 114 113 103 94 191 94 112 218 102 254 97 145 99 93 28 153 105 65 66 69 83 69 81 82 74 | 114 TEAS 215 191 138 127 234 196 121 182 225 207 213 309 228 140 130 126 136 243 256 138 189 122 138 139 92 128 111 | 174 SEAS 64 82 80 59 21 38 45 70 93 55 64 43 91 69 61 68 75 82 93 88 57 66 82 78 70 48 58 | 67 EQAS 145 29 18 10 14 51 19 34 18 43 17 18 26 11 18 14 11 16 24 6 7 12 22 5 6 5 13 | 23 AUST 12 13 19 10 22 16 10 17 14 15 4 4 11 9 16 12 7 10 9 7 18 13 34 11 9 7 13 | 13 Global 1138 1285 919 934 984 932 853 953 1097 1107 947 1151 931 895 805 796 723 918 959 790 819 709 801 802 726 721 731 | 905