# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # Higher_Alkenes emissions estimates in 1E9 g Higher_Alkenes for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 20 71 29 16 9 66 41 79 53 38 29 23 31 56 38 38 77 88 102 29 84 61 68 8 125 75 616 | 73 TENA 6 7 12 11 6 10 9 7 7 10 16 12 7 9 10 14 9 10 19 11 24 24 6 57 50 20 10 | 15 CEAM 9 82 10 24 6 9 29 7 22 12 14 12 14 8 19 7 17 6 10 11 14 10 16 14 10 8 16 | 16 NHSA 13 18 9 12 13 7 23 10 8 6 15 8 9 11 4 6 7 11 10 20 6 12 19 15 5 8 10 | 11 SHSA 130 181 164 77 64 123 103 157 198 90 235 77 42 244 61 118 56 83 114 107 112 57 119 151 115 126 110 | 120 EURO 4 4 3 10 6 2 5 4 4 4 5 5 2 2 4 6 2 2 2 2 6 2 3 2 4 8 2 | 4 MIDE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 | 1 NHAF 153 207 164 178 147 155 137 129 162 129 141 139 121 112 129 115 121 114 121 145 118 120 96 119 106 96 94 | 133 SHAF 179 210 178 169 234 196 202 204 215 202 186 202 201 218 207 189 207 189 191 191 189 186 193 172 191 174 185 | 195 BOAS 73 223 78 86 78 128 220 32 50 101 45 139 51 67 80 170 65 101 82 117 87 140 169 161 292 60 98 | 111 TEAS 50 46 31 28 34 40 31 36 34 39 41 49 43 30 25 27 22 37 43 21 31 20 24 23 16 22 19 | 32 SEAS 33 73 61 43 25 29 35 70 52 40 69 29 52 64 35 50 51 62 50 50 32 35 47 47 47 24 43 | 47 EQAS 539 55 41 15 17 127 33 85 40 176 13 10 96 7 38 38 29 104 194 11 7 27 92 5 5 4 34 | 69 AUST 37 33 59 39 57 56 56 37 21 49 34 20 37 13 47 49 28 35 30 21 32 38 126 43 19 17 44 | 40 Global 1252 1217 845 715 704 955 930 863 874 905 851 735 715 850 704 834 698 849 973 744 750 739 987 823 993 649 1287 | 869 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 5 3 2 1 | 2 CEAM 3 17 3 8 2 3 6 1 6 3 3 3 3 3 5 2 4 2 2 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 4 | 4 NHSA 6 9 5 7 7 5 8 7 5 4 7 5 5 5 3 3 4 6 5 7 4 7 8 8 3 5 6 | 6 SHSA 54 56 55 23 35 50 37 45 48 27 62 28 16 62 22 42 21 26 32 31 36 19 41 50 40 37 35 | 39 EURO 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 120 149 126 130 115 120 112 102 121 96 106 110 96 87 99 89 96 90 89 106 91 93 73 90 81 73 70 | 102 SHAF 161 189 162 150 191 157 170 167 175 164 162 170 171 183 178 163 173 160 159 157 159 154 162 143 159 145 156 | 165 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 TEAS 6 6 3 3 4 8 5 6 6 6 4 4 3 6 3 4 2 5 5 2 7 3 5 3 3 3 3 | 5 SEAS 14 26 19 16 12 13 15 25 20 15 23 12 16 18 11 15 12 16 15 13 10 11 15 16 14 7 14 | 16 EQAS 27 7 3 1 2 9 3 7 2 7 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 8 1 1 2 4 0 0 0 2 | 4 AUST 22 21 47 30 44 35 18 32 17 27 25 17 24 10 42 43 16 26 22 15 25 31 30 14 16 15 38 | 26 Global 421 487 430 377 416 406 382 397 407 358 402 359 346 381 372 371 334 341 345 343 345 332 349 338 330 296 335 | 371 Boreal forest fires: BONA 15 61 25 13 6 61 35 76 50 35 27 22 28 50 35 34 72 79 94 25 74 54 55 6 105 70 566 | 66 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 54 196 62 72 64 113 197 20 37 72 33 109 37 42 68 157 61 82 69 108 78 129 157 151 279 49 87 | 96 TEAS 12 9 4 6 2 9 10 4 1 7 9 7 8 1 2 6 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 1 0 2 1 | 5 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 82 267 92 92 72 184 242 100 89 114 70 140 74 95 106 198 134 163 171 135 156 185 214 159 385 121 655 | 167 Temperate forest fires: BONA 4 4 2 0 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 2 2 1 7 5 11 0 15 2 23 | 4 TENA 3 3 8 6 3 7 5 2 3 6 11 8 3 2 5 10 6 7 13 6 17 16 2 47 43 14 6 | 10 CEAM 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 5 4 6 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 6 2 2 5 2 3 6 | 4 EURO 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 3 2 3 0 1 3 1 1 0 5 1 2 2 8 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 | 2 TEAS 9 10 8 4 4 3 3 6 4 4 4 6 8 7 5 3 5 6 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 | 5 SEAS 4 6 11 6 4 2 5 6 5 6 5 4 8 6 3 8 5 9 4 6 3 4 5 3 8 4 5 | 6 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 13 9 8 7 8 17 35 2 1 19 8 1 8 1 2 3 8 6 3 4 3 3 90 26 1 1 2 | 11 Global 44 45 51 34 30 41 61 25 21 49 38 30 37 35 24 34 33 38 34 27 46 40 119 91 78 34 53 | 45 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 3 49 3 9 2 3 17 1 10 4 5 3 6 1 8 1 8 1 4 4 5 3 7 6 3 3 6 | 7 NHSA 4 7 2 3 4 1 13 2 1 0 6 2 1 4 0 1 1 3 3 11 1 4 9 5 1 2 3 | 4 SHSA 61 111 93 43 21 62 55 100 141 54 162 39 15 172 31 65 25 48 72 65 64 32 70 88 66 80 63 | 71 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 9 33 16 24 12 13 9 8 13 10 12 7 7 6 11 7 7 8 13 19 9 10 8 10 8 7 7 | 12 SHAF 4 4 3 7 23 21 19 21 22 22 13 21 20 23 17 14 22 18 21 23 19 18 19 17 19 17 18 | 18 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 8 32 22 13 6 10 9 32 17 13 35 8 18 31 14 20 25 28 21 21 12 13 18 19 17 8 16 | 18 EQAS 248 40 27 11 6 67 17 49 18 79 7 5 41 4 17 18 15 50 89 7 4 15 43 3 2 2 17 | 34 AUST 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 | 1 Global 342 282 171 116 79 181 144 219 228 187 244 89 114 245 103 131 109 162 229 154 119 101 179 152 120 123 135 | 166 Peat fires: BONA 0 2 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 2 3 5 4 1 1 0 1 0 3 2 22 | 3 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 | 1 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 249 4 8 1 6 46 10 25 17 84 1 1 47 0 16 16 11 47 94 2 0 8 42 0 0 0 12 | 28 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 250 8 9 2 8 50 16 27 20 86 3 3 49 4 18 21 15 53 99 5 2 10 45 2 7 2 36 | 32 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 | 1 TENA 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 5 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 2 4 3 3 3 | 3 CEAM 2 12 3 6 2 2 4 4 5 4 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 2 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 2 4 | 4 NHSA 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 | 1 SHSA 8 8 9 5 4 6 5 6 5 5 6 6 5 6 4 6 6 5 6 6 5 3 4 6 5 5 4 | 6 EURO 2 2 2 8 5 1 2 3 2 2 3 4 2 2 3 4 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 5 1 | 3 MIDE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHAF 23 25 21 23 20 21 14 18 27 23 22 21 17 19 18 17 17 15 17 19 17 16 14 18 16 15 16 | 19 SHAF 12 15 12 10 19 16 11 15 16 14 10 10 10 11 10 11 11 9 10 10 10 11 11 10 11 10 10 | 12 BOAS 13 22 11 11 10 9 18 9 11 21 10 24 9 14 9 9 2 15 10 6 6 6 8 6 7 8 7 | 11 TEAS 21 18 13 12 22 19 11 17 22 20 20 30 22 13 12 12 13 23 25 13 18 11 13 13 9 12 10 | 17 SEAS 6 8 7 5 2 3 4 6 9 5 6 4 8 6 6 6 7 8 9 8 5 6 8 7 6 4 5 | 7 EQAS 14 2 1 1 1 5 1 3 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 | 2 AUST 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 1 | 1 Global 111 125 90 91 96 91 83 93 107 108 92 112 91 87 78 78 70 89 93 77 80 69 78 78 71 70 71 | 89