# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # MEK emissions estimates in 1E9 g MEK for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 13 48 19 13 7 42 26 49 34 24 18 15 20 35 24 26 49 58 65 19 50 36 40 6 75 45 381 | 46 TENA 7 8 11 11 8 8 11 10 10 11 15 12 11 16 13 12 9 9 17 12 19 20 8 35 29 17 12 | 14 CEAM 18 152 20 46 13 17 55 15 43 24 27 22 28 17 36 13 33 12 20 22 27 18 31 28 20 16 30 | 30 NHSA 22 31 15 20 24 12 41 17 13 11 26 14 16 19 6 10 11 18 18 35 11 21 34 26 8 14 18 | 19 SHSA 215 311 277 130 102 203 171 270 346 156 408 130 69 425 103 200 95 142 198 185 186 97 203 254 196 216 182 | 203 EURO 8 9 7 24 16 5 9 9 8 8 10 11 6 6 9 13 6 6 3 6 10 5 8 4 8 16 4 | 9 MIDE 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 | 2 NHAF 246 333 260 287 234 247 211 205 265 213 229 223 193 182 206 185 191 180 195 233 190 192 156 191 171 156 153 | 213 SHAF 262 308 260 248 355 299 300 309 325 305 273 301 297 323 305 279 308 279 285 286 281 277 287 257 285 260 275 | 290 BOAS 71 177 69 74 68 93 170 39 53 104 47 134 50 69 67 119 45 90 69 83 64 96 115 108 188 52 73 | 89 TEAS 78 71 49 45 71 70 48 65 71 70 72 95 74 51 43 45 41 75 81 42 63 38 46 44 30 42 36 | 58 SEAS 54 120 93 66 36 48 52 115 87 63 116 45 84 106 59 80 87 101 88 84 54 59 79 81 73 40 69 | 76 EQAS 1007 102 76 29 31 238 62 158 75 329 25 20 180 14 72 72 55 194 361 22 13 50 173 10 9 7 64 | 128 AUST 40 38 75 47 72 62 44 51 30 51 39 27 45 17 66 66 31 45 39 26 44 52 87 33 26 24 59 | 46 Global 2048 1716 1239 1048 1045 1354 1207 1323 1370 1377 1315 1058 1082 1291 1018 1127 970 1218 1449 1063 1022 969 1274 1086 1128 913 1365 | 1225 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 4 6 1 7 5 4 1 | 3 CEAM 4 23 4 10 3 4 9 2 9 4 5 5 5 4 8 3 6 3 3 4 5 4 6 5 4 3 6 | 6 NHSA 9 12 7 10 9 7 12 9 7 6 10 7 8 7 4 5 5 9 8 10 5 9 11 11 4 7 8 | 8 SHSA 74 77 75 31 48 68 50 62 65 36 85 38 23 85 29 57 29 36 44 42 49 26 56 68 55 50 48 | 53 EURO 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 0 NHAF 164 202 172 177 156 163 153 139 165 131 144 150 131 118 134 122 130 122 122 145 124 127 100 123 111 100 96 | 138 SHAF 220 257 220 204 260 214 232 227 239 224 220 232 232 249 242 222 235 217 216 214 216 210 220 194 217 197 212 | 224 BOAS 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 | 1 TEAS 9 8 4 5 5 11 7 8 8 8 6 5 4 8 5 5 2 6 7 3 9 4 6 4 4 5 4 | 6 SEAS 19 36 26 22 16 17 21 34 27 21 31 17 22 25 15 21 17 23 20 18 14 15 21 22 19 10 20 | 21 EQAS 37 9 5 2 2 12 4 9 3 10 3 3 5 2 3 3 3 6 11 2 1 3 6 1 1 1 3 | 6 AUST 30 29 64 40 60 48 25 43 23 37 34 23 33 14 58 58 22 36 31 20 34 42 41 19 22 20 52 | 36 Global 573 663 585 513 567 552 520 541 554 488 547 488 471 518 506 505 455 464 469 467 470 452 475 461 449 403 456 | 505 Boreal forest fires: BONA 8 35 14 7 3 35 20 43 28 20 15 12 16 29 20 19 41 45 53 14 42 30 31 3 60 40 323 | 38 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 31 112 35 41 36 65 112 11 21 41 18 62 21 24 39 90 34 47 39 62 45 74 90 86 159 28 50 | 55 TEAS 7 5 2 3 1 5 5 2 0 4 5 4 4 0 1 3 0 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 3 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 47 153 52 53 41 105 138 57 50 65 40 80 42 54 60 113 76 93 97 77 89 106 122 91 220 69 374 | 95 Temperate forest fires: BONA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 0 5 0 8 | 1 TENA 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 0 1 2 4 2 1 0 1 3 2 2 4 2 6 5 0 16 15 4 2 | 4 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 2 1 1 2 | 1 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 TEAS 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 2 SEAS 1 2 4 2 1 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 | 2 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 4 3 3 2 3 6 12 0 0 6 2 0 3 0 0 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 31 9 0 0 1 | 4 Global 15 16 18 12 10 14 21 8 7 17 13 10 13 12 8 12 11 13 12 9 16 14 42 32 27 12 18 | 16 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 6 92 5 17 4 6 32 2 20 8 10 7 11 2 16 2 16 2 7 9 10 6 13 11 7 6 12 | 13 NHSA 8 14 4 6 9 2 24 5 3 1 11 3 3 8 0 2 3 6 6 21 3 8 18 9 2 4 5 | 7 SHSA 115 208 175 81 40 116 103 188 264 102 303 74 29 322 58 123 47 90 136 123 120 60 132 165 124 150 118 | 133 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 17 62 30 46 23 25 18 15 25 19 24 14 14 12 21 14 14 16 24 35 18 19 15 18 15 14 14 | 22 SHAF 8 9 6 14 43 40 35 40 42 42 24 40 37 43 33 27 42 35 40 43 35 35 36 33 36 33 33 | 33 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 2 3 2 1 0 0 1 4 1 0 2 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 16 60 41 25 12 18 17 60 33 25 65 15 34 59 26 38 47 53 41 40 23 25 34 37 31 15 31 | 35 EQAS 464 76 51 22 12 126 31 91 33 149 14 9 77 7 32 33 28 95 166 13 8 28 80 6 5 4 33 | 63 AUST 1 1 3 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 0 1 5 0 2 3 3 3 5 2 3 5 4 1 1 1 3 | 3 Global 641 528 320 217 149 340 270 411 427 351 457 167 215 460 193 246 204 304 429 289 224 190 337 285 225 231 254 | 310 Peat fires: BONA 1 4 2 0 0 5 5 3 4 2 2 1 1 3 2 4 7 9 8 3 2 1 3 0 6 3 41 | 5 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 2 1 1 2 1 4 0 1 1 0 2 1 2 0 3 2 1 0 3 0 2 2 2 5 0 1 | 2 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 466 7 15 2 12 86 20 47 33 157 2 2 89 0 31 31 20 88 176 4 1 15 80 1 1 0 24 | 53 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 468 15 18 5 15 93 30 52 38 161 5 6 93 7 35 39 29 99 186 11 5 19 85 4 13 5 67 | 60 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 1 6 1 4 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 0 6 | 2 TENA 4 5 6 5 5 3 7 8 7 6 8 7 8 14 8 5 5 5 9 7 9 7 5 11 9 8 8 | 7 CEAM 7 35 8 18 5 7 13 10 13 11 11 9 11 9 11 6 10 6 8 8 10 7 10 10 8 7 11 | 11 NHSA 4 5 3 2 5 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 4 1 2 4 | 3 SHSA 22 23 24 14 12 16 16 17 15 16 18 16 15 17 13 18 17 15 16 18 14 9 12 18 15 14 12 | 16 EURO 7 7 6 22 15 5 7 9 6 8 8 11 5 5 8 11 5 6 3 5 8 4 7 4 6 14 4 | 8 MIDE 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 | 2 NHAF 64 68 57 62 54 57 39 51 74 62 60 58 47 51 50 47 46 40 48 52 47 45 40 48 45 41 43 | 52 SHAF 33 40 33 29 51 44 32 41 43 39 28 28 27 31 29 29 30 26 27 28 28 31 30 29 32 28 28 | 33 BOAS 37 59 30 30 27 24 50 24 29 57 27 67 25 38 26 24 7 40 27 17 17 18 22 18 21 21 19 | 30 TEAS 56 50 36 33 61 52 32 48 59 54 56 81 60 37 34 33 36 64 67 36 50 32 36 37 24 34 29 | 46 SEAS 16 21 21 15 5 10 12 18 24 14 17 11 24 18 16 18 20 21 24 23 15 17 21 20 18 12 15 | 18 EQAS 38 7 4 2 3 13 5 9 4 11 4 4 7 3 4 3 3 4 6 1 2 3 5 1 1 1 3 | 6 AUST 3 3 5 2 6 4 2 4 3 4 1 1 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 4 3 9 2 2 1 3 | 3 Global 301 340 243 247 260 246 226 252 290 293 250 304 246 237 213 210 191 243 254 209 217 187 212 212 192 190 193 | 240