# Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 including small fire burned area (GFED4s) # Estimates for 2017 onwards based on relations between active fires and emissions # These estimates carry a larger uncertainty, especially due to extrapolation in areas # that saw few fires in the 1997-2016 era. They are not suitable for trend analyses. # # In winter 2023-2024 GFED5 will be released # NOTE THAT AQUA HAD ISSUES IN THE SECOND HALF OF AUGUST 2020; FOR THAT PERIOD THESE ESTIMATES ARE CONSERVATIVE # TPC emissions estimates in 1E10 g TPC for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) (Beta) '97-'23 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 | Mean BONA 53 181 75 39 23 173 106 206 139 101 77 62 82 147 99 98 200 228 265 75 221 159 180 20 328 196 1607 | 191 TENA 12 15 28 26 13 24 20 13 15 24 39 28 15 15 22 35 22 25 44 24 58 59 12 145 129 48 22 | 35 CEAM 16 154 19 44 12 16 54 10 41 22 25 23 25 14 36 13 32 10 17 21 26 18 30 26 19 15 28 | 29 NHSA 25 36 19 25 27 15 47 22 16 13 30 17 18 22 8 12 14 22 21 40 13 26 39 31 10 18 21 | 23 SHSA 268 368 334 156 135 254 210 319 400 181 476 156 84 495 125 240 114 167 230 214 231 117 244 308 235 256 227 | 243 EURO 6 7 5 14 7 4 8 5 6 6 7 6 4 3 6 9 3 3 3 4 10 3 5 4 7 12 4 | 6 MIDE 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 | 1 NHAF 312 424 337 364 302 318 287 264 326 258 285 283 249 226 263 234 247 234 245 296 241 247 196 241 215 195 189 | 270 SHAF 386 453 384 365 496 413 434 434 457 429 402 437 435 470 447 407 446 408 411 412 408 400 414 368 409 373 398 | 419 BOAS 168 548 187 207 186 321 545 69 113 229 101 322 117 152 194 430 167 240 198 297 217 356 429 410 753 143 246 | 273 TEAS 94 87 57 50 50 71 61 62 50 66 70 77 75 53 43 50 34 57 68 31 49 31 38 36 27 37 30 | 54 SEAS 67 147 127 88 55 59 73 142 104 84 140 61 105 130 69 103 101 126 97 99 64 69 93 93 96 49 87 | 94 EQAS 1127 108 82 31 34 261 68 173 83 369 26 20 202 15 80 80 61 219 409 24 14 55 194 11 9 8 71 | 142 AUST 89 77 135 90 129 133 143 82 47 119 80 46 86 29 106 110 66 82 67 49 71 87 324 108 42 39 99 | 94 Global 2631 2614 1795 1507 1476 2069 2063 1808 1806 1908 1768 1547 1503 1780 1504 1829 1514 1827 2083 1592 1630 1632 2205 1810 2289 1396 3036 | 1875 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 0 TENA 2 3 3 5 2 4 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 6 11 3 12 8 6 2 | 5 CEAM 7 39 8 18 5 7 15 4 15 7 8 8 8 7 13 6 10 5 6 7 9 7 11 9 7 5 10 | 10 NHSA 15 20 13 17 16 11 20 15 11 10 17 11 13 12 7 8 9 15 13 16 9 16 18 19 7 12 13 | 14 SHSA 123 128 124 53 79 114 83 102 109 61 141 63 38 141 49 95 48 59 73 70 82 44 93 113 91 83 80 | 87 EURO 1 2 1 3 1 0 2 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 | 1 NHAF 272 336 285 294 259 271 254 230 275 217 239 249 218 196 223 202 216 203 202 240 206 211 166 205 184 165 159 | 229 SHAF 364 427 365 339 432 354 384 377 396 371 365 384 386 412 401 367 391 360 358 356 359 349 365 322 359 327 352 | 372 BOAS 1 2 1 1 1 0 2 2 1 3 0 3 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 | 1 TEAS 15 13 8 8 9 19 11 13 13 14 10 9 7 13 8 9 4 11 12 6 16 6 11 7 7 8 6 | 11 SEAS 32 60 44 37 27 29 34 56 45 35 52 28 37 42 25 35 28 38 34 30 24 25 35 36 32 16 33 | 36 EQAS 61 16 8 3 4 20 8 16 5 17 6 5 9 4 6 5 5 9 18 3 2 5 11 2 2 2 5 | 10 AUST 51 48 106 67 100 80 41 72 38 62 57 39 56 23 96 97 37 60 51 34 57 70 69 33 36 33 86 | 60 Global 950 1100 970 850 940 916 863 896 919 809 907 810 781 860 839 837 755 769 778 774 779 749 787 764 745 668 756 | 836 Boreal forest fires: BONA 40 161 66 34 15 161 92 200 131 92 71 57 74 133 93 89 189 208 247 66 195 142 144 18 277 185 1487 | 173 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 143 515 164 191 168 298 517 52 98 188 87 287 99 112 179 413 160 216 183 284 207 340 414 398 732 128 229 | 252 TEAS 32 25 11 18 6 23 26 10 3 19 25 19 22 4 6 18 2 4 17 3 7 4 3 3 1 5 3 | 12 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 215 702 242 243 190 483 636 263 233 301 184 367 196 250 279 521 352 429 448 354 410 487 562 419 1011 320 1720 | 438 Temperate forest fires: BONA 11 12 5 2 5 4 7 1 2 5 2 1 4 9 2 3 2 7 6 4 21 15 31 1 41 5 65 | 11 TENA 8 10 22 18 9 19 14 7 9 17 32 22 9 7 14 28 18 20 36 18 48 46 7 129 118 38 17 | 28 CEAM 0 5 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 15 13 18 12 8 11 13 12 9 7 10 9 10 11 9 9 10 8 8 8 18 6 7 16 8 10 19 | 11 EURO 2 2 1 3 1 1 3 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 6 2 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 | 1 BOAS 9 7 9 2 4 10 2 5 2 15 3 6 6 22 3 2 1 7 3 2 2 5 4 1 4 5 6 | 6 TEAS 24 27 22 11 13 9 9 16 11 12 13 18 23 19 16 10 14 18 15 9 8 8 9 13 10 11 9 | 14 SEAS 11 16 32 19 13 6 16 16 15 18 13 12 23 19 10 21 16 24 11 18 10 11 14 10 23 11 15 | 16 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 36 25 24 20 23 48 96 6 4 52 22 5 23 5 5 9 24 16 9 11 8 9 247 73 2 3 7 | 31 Global 122 125 141 94 82 114 167 68 59 134 104 82 103 98 67 93 90 106 93 76 126 109 326 249 214 94 145 | 122 Tropical deforestation & degradation: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 6 96 6 17 4 6 34 2 21 8 11 7 12 3 17 2 17 3 7 9 11 6 14 12 7 6 13 | 14 NHSA 8 14 4 7 9 2 26 5 3 1 11 4 3 9 0 2 3 6 6 22 3 8 19 10 2 4 6 | 8 SHSA 121 218 183 85 42 122 108 197 277 107 318 77 30 337 61 129 49 94 142 129 125 63 139 173 130 157 124 | 139 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 18 64 31 49 24 27 19 16 26 20 25 14 14 12 22 15 14 17 26 37 19 20 16 19 15 15 14 | 23 SHAF 9 9 6 14 45 42 37 42 44 44 25 42 39 45 35 28 44 37 42 45 37 37 38 35 37 35 35 | 35 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 2 3 2 1 0 0 1 4 1 0 2 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 17 63 43 27 12 19 18 62 34 26 68 15 36 62 28 39 50 55 43 42 24 26 35 38 33 16 33 | 36 EQAS 487 80 53 23 13 132 33 96 35 156 15 10 81 8 33 35 29 100 174 14 8 30 84 7 5 4 35 | 66 AUST 1 1 3 1 3 3 4 2 2 2 0 1 5 0 3 3 4 3 5 2 4 5 4 1 1 1 3 | 3 Global 672 553 336 227 156 356 283 430 447 368 479 176 225 482 202 258 214 318 450 303 235 199 353 299 236 242 266 | 325 Peat fires: BONA 1 5 2 1 0 6 6 4 4 3 2 2 2 4 3 5 8 11 10 3 3 1 3 0 8 4 50 | 6 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 0 3 1 2 3 2 5 0 1 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 1 0 4 1 3 2 3 6 0 1 | 2 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 565 9 18 3 15 104 24 57 40 190 3 2 108 1 38 37 25 107 214 5 1 18 97 2 1 0 29 | 64 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 568 18 22 6 18 113 36 63 47 195 7 7 112 9 42 47 36 120 226 13 6 23 103 5 15 6 82 | 73 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 | 1 TENA 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 | 2 CEAM 2 11 3 6 1 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 | 4 NHSA 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 | 1 SHSA 7 7 8 4 4 5 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 4 6 5 5 5 6 5 3 4 6 5 4 4 | 6 EURO 2 2 2 7 5 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 1 | 3 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHAF 21 23 19 21 18 19 13 17 25 21 20 19 16 17 17 16 15 13 16 17 16 15 13 16 15 14 14 | 18 SHAF 11 13 11 9 17 15 10 13 14 13 9 9 9 10 9 10 10 8 9 9 9 10 10 9 10 9 9 | 11 BOAS 12 20 10 10 9 8 17 8 10 19 9 22 8 13 8 8 2 13 9 5 6 6 7 6 7 7 6 | 10 TEAS 19 17 12 11 20 17 10 16 20 18 19 27 20 12 11 11 12 21 22 12 17 10 12 12 8 11 10 | 16 SEAS 5 7 7 5 1 3 4 6 8 4 5 3 8 6 5 6 6 7 8 7 5 5 7 7 6 4 5 | 6 EQAS 13 2 1 0 1 4 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 | 2 AUST 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 | 1 Global 102 115 82 83 88 83 76 85 98 99 85 103 83 80 72 71 64 82 86 70 73 63 71 71 65 64 65 | 81